1. Last Topic - The State, Nation, Government
Elements of State, Nation, Government

2. Difference between State and Nation

3. Differences ……..
The political scientists make a clear distinction between the State and government. Some of the difficult problems of political science are solved on the basis of the distinction between the State and government

4. Differences …....
In a popular talk the terms the 'State' and Government" are very often used synonymously. Common people use them in an identical sense. Even the king like Louis XIV ignored this distinction when he said. "I am the State". What he claimed was actually the government and the State whose authority he had possessed

5. Differences ……..
State: "A state is an organized community living under a unified political system, means, the government"
It may or may not have been sovereign.
Nation: A nation may refer to a community of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, or history

6. The State ……. Elements of State
1. Population or people  2. Territory  3. Government  4. Sovereignty 

7. The State ……. State of Pakistan
Pakistan officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a sovereign country in South Asia

8. The State …….
With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 Sq. km (307,374 sq. miles), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area

9. The State …….
It is bordered by India to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast.
It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a marine border with Oman

10. Differences …….. The Four elements
The Stale has four elements like population, territory. Government and sovereignty. Government is a narrow concept and it is an element of the State. It is rightly said the State is an organic concept in which the government is a part

11. The State …….
Nation
Nation may refer to a large group of people who share a common language, culture, ethnicity, descent, or history. It also says nation can refer to “a people, race, or tribe; those having the same descent, language, and history

12. The State ……. Elements of Nation
A nation is a large group of people united by  
1. Common descent; and/or  2. Culture; and/or  3. Language; and/or  4. History; &
5. Occupying a particular region or territory or country

13. The State ……. Nation of Pakistan
Pakistan has several official national symbols including a historic document, a flag, an emblem, an anthem, a memorial tower as well as several national heroes

14. The State …….
The oldest symbol is the Lahore Resolution, adopted by the All India Muslim League on 23 March 1940, and which presented the official demand for the creation of a separate country for the Muslims of India

15. Differences …….. Permanent Feature
The State is more or less permanent and continues from time immemorial. But the government is temporary. It changes frequently. A government may come and go, but the State continues for ever

16. Differences …….. Composition
The State is generally composed of all citizens but all of them are not members of the government. The government consists of only a few selected citizens

17. Differences …….. Sovereignty
The State possesses sovereignty. Its authority is absolute and unlimited. Its power cannot be taken away by any other institution. Government possesses no sovereignty, through its constitution. Powers of government are delegated and limited

18. Differences …….. Concept
The State is an abstract concept whereas government is a concrete one. Nobody sees the State and the State never acts. The government is a physical manifestation and it acts for the State

19. Differences …….. Classes
All States are identical in character and nature. Whether big or small, the characteristics of the State do not undergo changes. But governments are of different types and they may vary form the State to the. State

20. Differences …….. Rights of Citizens
The citizens possess rights to go against, government and not against the State. The State only acts through the government and the government may commit mistakes and not the State

21. Differences …….. Nation Concept
Unlike State, a nation has no required geographical tie-in. But they must/should, as a rule, share history, culture and language

22. Differences …….. Portion of Land
A nation can be defined as group of people who are bound together into a single body, through history, customs, value, language, culture, tradition, art and religion. On the contrary, a state can be defined as a patch of land with a sovereign government.

23. Differences …….. Identification
A nation can be defined as a politico-cultural entity, which is identified by its unique character and collective rights. On the other hand, a state can be defined as a politico-judicial entity, which is identified by its sovereign rights.

24. Differences …….. Abstract
When looking at the etymology, ‘nation’ has been derived from the latin word, ‘natio’, which means a ‘set of people’. State is a word that has been derived from the Latin’s ‘Status’, which means ‘condition’.

25. Differences …….. Political Entity
States together form a nation. However, a state will have a separate political entity within a nation. Though the states have their own rules, and can also bring in new laws, they must adhere to the national laws. The states cannot frame laws; is of no interest to the nation.

26. Differences …….. Fundamental Standard
A nation can be referred to as the holder of sovereignty, that has a big role in developing the fundamental norms of a state. A nation will have a constitution, whereas a state will not have a separate constitution

27. Differences …….. Dependency
The policies pertaining to national interest are taken by the government at the national level, but the state cannot formulate such policies

28. Next Topic - Administrative Adjudication
Characters of Administrative Agency
Role of Administrative Tribunals
Difference of Administrative Tribunals from Regular Courts
Advantages of Administrative Tribunals
Disadvantages of Administrative Tribunals
Examples of Administrative Tribunals in Pakistan