1. Natural Light Ventilation Privacy Contributes to the atmosphere of a room Adds detail to a decorative scheme Gives balance and design to the exterior of a structure

2. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special- Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows DOUBLE-HUNG WINDOW  The most common; popular since colonial times  window opens vertically from the bottom, the top, or both  these windows are usually tall rather than wide  Advantages: readily available, produced in a wide variety of sizes; easy to install; rarely warp or stick; flush mounted so they don’t interfere with draperies or traffic.  Disadvantages: difficult to clean on the outside; no protection from the rain; can be difficult to open and close when furniture is in front of them.

3. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special- Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows Horizontal Sliding Windows  Move on tracks at the bottom and top  Generally contain two movable sashes; one or both sides can be open at a time.  A wide range of standard sizes is available.

4. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows CASEMENT WINDOW  Usually have two sashes hinged at the side to swing outward.  Cranks are generally used to open and close casements; push bars or handles may also be used.  Advantages: They are great ventilators, can be easily opened when located above a kitchen counter or behind furniture, screens and storm sashes are easy to install and removed.  Disadvantages: because they project outward and they can be bumped easily, they should not be installed near walks or play areas. They collect dirt easily and do not keep rain out when open.

5. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows AWNING WINDOWS  Hinged at the top and swing outward  Manufactured as single or multiple units stacked in a single frame  Sashes are open with a crank or a push bar  Provide good ventilation and rain protection  Should not be located where they could interfere with pedestrian traffic.  They collect dirt when open.

6. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows HOPPER WINDOWS  Hinged at the bottom and swing into a room.  A lock handle positioned at the top of each unit opens them.  Designed for low placement on a wall  Improve air movement and do not interfere much with draperies.  Frequently used at basement windows as well.  Easy to clean.

7. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows JALOUSIE WINDOWS  Consist of a series of narrow horizontal slats, 3 to 8 inches wide, held by a metal frame.  Slats operate in unison, similar to Venetian (horizontal) blinds.  They open outward, but produce little interference due to their narrow slats.  Used where ventilation is a major concern  Disadvantage: they do not seal well and allow for substantial air infiltration when closed, difficult to wash because of the small glass sections.  Produced in a variety of sizes.

8. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special- Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows  The purpose for fixed windows, i.e. picture window, is to admit light and provide a view.  They do not permit ventilation  Generally oriented to an exterior setting that enhances a room in the living area.  Usually custom made rather than a standard size.

9. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special- Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows  Special-shaped windows, such as triangles, trapezoids, octagons, and circle-top windows are generally used as an architectural design element.  These windows permit daylight, but are rarely designed to open and provide ventilation.  Since fixed and special-shaped windows do not open, weather stripping, hardware, and screens are not required.

10. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows  Fixed windows may be used in conjunction with sliding and swinging windows. I.e. hopper windows are often combined with an upper, fixed window; a three-section window may have fixed glass in the center and casements on both sides.  Combination windows allow an unobstructed view and ventilation.

11. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows  Bay windows and B ow windows are combination windows with their sections at angles so the window projects out from the structure.  The side windows on a Bay window are normally places at a 45°.  Bow windows have a series of 4 to 7 units that form an arc that extends beyond the outside wall.

12. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special-Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows  Used to admit light into areas of a structure that has little or no natural light.  Skylights are usually located on the roof or ceiling and are available in several basic shapes, sizes and can be customized.  Clerestory windows are placed high on a wall and may be a series of standard windows or custom-made, fixed windows.  Either can achieve dramatic lighting effects in a room.

13. WINDOW TYPES Sliding Windows Swinging Windows Fixed & Special- Shaped Windows Combination Windows Skylights & Clerestory Windows

14. Controls: -light -air -privacy Complements the design scheme Help beautify the interior

15. Draperies Curtains Shades Blinds Shutters Sliding Panels & Screens Other Treatments Exterior Window Treatments

16.  Center draw draperies open and close at the center of the window.  One-way draw draperies pull as one unit across the entire window area.  Stationary panel draperies stay positioned at the sides of a window to frame the view. These are used when privacy is not essential  Tier draperies utilize several tiers of short draperies. Each tier may be controlled individually.  Sheer casement draperies are see-through draperies. They provide some privacy and filter sunlight, but not to the extent of typical heavier fabrics. Often hung close to the glass while heavier, more opaque draperies are positioned further from the wall. This pairing of draperies is called double-draw draperies.

17. Center Draw Draperies One-Way Draw Draperies Stationary Panel Draperies

18. Tier Draperies Sheer Casement Draperies Double Draw Draperies

19. Draperies are frequently topped with cornices, valances, or lambrequins. Cornice – a horizontal decorative treatment across the top of the window generally made of wood that is padded and covered with fabric. Cornices

20. Valance – a horizontal, decorative fabric treatment across the top of draperies to provide a finished appearance and hide hardware and cords.

21. Lambrequin – a cornice that extends down the sides of the window.

22.  Popular types of curtains include: shirred, ruffled, and café curtains.  Shirred curtains are gathered directly on rods. Some curtain panels can be placed on rods at the top and bottom, and then stretched tightly for a more formal look.

23.  Ruffled curtains are edges with ruffles on the hem and sometimes the sides. They are frequently finished with ruffled valances and tiebacks. Priscilla-type curtains cross at the top and are generally made of sheer or semi- sheer fabrics that are ruffled on three sides.

24.  A tieback is a cord or fabric strip used to hold back a curtain panel to the side of the window.  Café curtains are straight curtains hung from rings that slide along a rod. They may be used in tiers to cover an entire window, or they may cover the window bottom with or without a matching valance at the top. The curtain tops may be looped, scalloped, or pinch pleated. Café curtains are considered the most informal of the curtain types.

25.  Often used in combination with decorative curtains to protect the curtains from fading and to block light without closing the curtains.  Also effective in reducing heat loss in winter and heat gain in summer.  Main types of shades are: roller shades, roman shades, Austrian shades, and pleated fabric shades.

26. Roller shades – composed of a strip of material hung on a roller from the top of a window; available in opaque and translucent styles.

27. Roman shades – are pulled up by cords, they do not roll up. Made from decorative fabric and are generally used alone as a window covering. They hang flat when closed, but fold into horizontal pleats when raised.

28. Austrian shades are designed to operate the same as Roman shades; however, they have scallops of sheer fabric between the vertical cords. Often used in formal rooms where they provide an elegant accent.

29. Pleated fabric shades – available in two types: accordion and honeycomb.  Accordion pleated shades ( a single layer of polyester web, mesh, or solid fabric that is folded into thin, horizontal pleats);  Honeycomb pleated shades (smaller pleats that operate on the same principle as the accordion pleated shade except there are two pleated shades bonded together. This results in a honeycomb cross-section of pockets that increase energy efficiency. The exterior is white to reflect sun; the interior may be any colour or pattern.

30. Horizontal blinds are a popular window treatment that comes in three basic choices of slat widths: 2-inch venetian blinds, 1-inch mini-blinds, and ½-inch micro-blinds.  The mini-blind is a contemporary version of the Venetian blind; available in a wide range of colours and is very lightweight.  Can also be used with a wide variety of draw or side draperies.  These blinds are difficult to dust and clean, but some windows enclose the blinds between two panes of glass.  Micro-blinds have similar characteristics to mini-blinds, but are not as durable.  Advantages: nearly complete control of light and the direction of airflow; can be completely hidden behind a valance or other treatments if desired. They are relatively durable, inexpensive and aesthetically pleasing. New materials, patterns, and colours make horizontal blinds a versatile decorating tool.

31. Venetian Blinds Mini-blindsMicro-blinds

32. Vertical Blinds consist of a series of vertical slats that hang from an upper track. Slats made of metal, fabric-covered plastic, or wood may be joined by a chain at the bottom.  Some can accommodate inserts of coordinating fabric or wall paper.  Can be angled from side to side to control the sunlight or completely shut to conserve energy.  They provide a view only in the direction of the opened slats and block all other views.  They create a feeling of height in the room.  Do not collect dust as quickly as horizontal blinds  One disadvantage is children and pets can easily damage them.

34.  One or more units may be connected to cover several windows or a single wide window.  Traditional shutters have louvered (move up or down) or fixed slats.  Contemporary shutters utilize fretwork inserts combined with a backing of fabric or some other opaque material  May be used in combination with curtains and blinds or other window treatments.  Can be painted to match any colour scheme or décor.  Provide privacy and ventilation, which makes them good choices for bedrooms and bathrooms.

36.  Can provide dramatic window treatments and a spectacular focal point within a room.  Wood panels may have latticework or carving, backed with translucent or opaque material.  Fabric panels are made by stretching fabric over a wooden frame. These may be manufactured or custom made with fabrics that match or compliment other pieces in the room. Some have painted scenes.  Sliding screens may be used in place of draperies or curtains. The screens require a series of tracks at the top and bottom as well as space beside the door or window if they are to be fully opened.

39.  Stained glass or etched glass windows are highly decorative and by themselves need no other treatment.  Decorative wood frames may be used to accent a window, particularly antiques.  Houseplants on window shelves or in nearby hanging planters provide partial coverage and a refreshing appearance.

40. Etched Glass Windows