1. The Malaysian Islamic Capital Market

2. Learning objectives
Describe the salient features of an Islamic financial market.
Describe various methods of Islamic financing.
Differential between short-term and long-term Islamic finance products.
Describe the main instruments of Islamic capital markets.

3. Learning objectives Explain and illustrate various Sukuk structures.
Explain major issues in determining tradability of Sukuk instruments.
Describe important legal, regulatory and licensing issues in Sukuk instruments.
Describe evolution of Islamic financial products in Europe and other countries.
Explain major challenges to the development of Islamic Financial Markets.

4. Learning objective 1
Salient features of an Islamic financial market are:
It is a financial market which operate on Shari'ah principles.
Its basic code of belief suggests:
Prohibition of riba (interest/usury)
Prohibition of Short sales
Prohibition of gambling and speculative trading
Prohibition of hoarding
Prohibition of Gharar (excessive uncertainty)
Prohibition of dealing in unlawful goods and services

5. Learning objective 2
Islamic financing methods provide different Islamic finance products including:
Islamic Trade & Corporate Finance Products
-financing of working capital, large projects, exports & imports
Islamic Personal Finance Products
-financing of housing, consumer durables, automobiles
Islamic Commodities/Agriculture Finance Products
-financing for agriculture related businesses/services

6. Learning objective 3
Short-term Islamic finance products Working capital financing Leasing ­(Ijarah) financing long-term Islamic finance products Project finance Islamic syndicate finance

7. Instruments of Islamic capital markets
Learning objective 4
Instruments of Islamic capital markets
Islamic funds
Equity funds
Commodity funds
Mixed funds

8. Learning objectives 5 Sukuk structures
Sukuk is a Shari’ah-compliant security or certificate of investment.
It must represent the ownership in the underlying assets or its usufruct. The Sukuk instruments are issued under following common structures by companies, banks and governments.
Mudarabah Sukuk (Profit Sharing)
Murabaha (cost plus sale) Sukuk (Deferred payment)
Musharakah Sukuk (Partnership)
Ijarah Sukuk (Leasing)
Salam Sukuk (Forward)

9. Mudarabah Sukuk

10. Murabaha (cost plus sale) Sukuk

11. Musharakah Sukuk

12. Ijarah Sukuk

13. Salam Sukuk

14. Learning objectives 6
According to Accounting and Auditing Organization of Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI), trading in Sukuk is permissible under following conditions:
-for Mudarabah/Musharakah Sukuk
Tradable at market price after the start of activity
-for Murabaha Sukuk
Tradable before sale of the goods to the end-buyer
-for Salam Sukuk
Not tradable except on the face value
-for Istisna’a Sukuk
Tradable if funds are converted into assets and before sale to the orderer.

15. Learning objective 7 Legal, regulatory and licensing issues in Sukuk
Tax treatment
- Taxes borne by investors and issuers in domestic/ cross borders transactions
Trust laws
-protection of assets , ring-fencing, investors’ protection
Asset transfer
-stamp duties, transaction legal and regulatory approval costs
Licensing
-ability to issue instruments in different Islamic jurisdictions freely
Marketing of Equity funds &Investment certificates
-disclosure of risk and return profile of investments to targeted net-worth clients

16. Learning objective 8 Islamic financial products in Europe
Islamic Bank of Britain
European Islamic Investment Bank
HSBC and Lloyds TSB (UK )-Islamic deposits

17. Islamic Bank of Britain www.islamic-bank.com
IBB was established in September 2004.
IBB is the first Islamic retail bank in the Western Europe.
Listed on the AIMS London market on 12/10/2004.
IBB is regulated by Financial Services Authority (FSA) UK.
Current account that pays no interest and receives no interest.
Halal mortgage for housing
Unsecured personal finance facility based on the concept of Murabaha.

18. European Islamic Investment Bank www.eiib.co.uk
EIIB was incorporated in January 2005.
Listed on AIMS market London in May 2006.
EIIB is regulated by Financial Services Authority (FSA) UK.
Product focus on Islamic Treasury and Capital Markets - Structured Trade Finance - Private Equity and Corporate Advisory - Shari'ah Advisory. - Asset Management.

19. Learning objective 9
Major Challenges to the Development of Islamic Financial Markets
Education and awareness
Product innovation and development
Performance benchmark
Risk management capabilities
Information technology
Skilled human resources

20. 1.Education and awareness
Creating awareness among Muslims and Non-Muslims about the Islamic financial system.
Potential clients should be provided transparent and accurate description of Islamic financial products being offered.
Accountability and governance of Islamic banks should be stressed across board.

21. 2.Product innovation and development
Competition with non-Islamic banks would require continuous product development.
Islamic products must have salient and distinctive features for investors.
Researchers, and Islamic finance product developers must strive for innovation within confines of Shari’ah principles through active coordination with religious scholars.

22. 3.Performance benchmark
Islamic financial institutions use the same benchmarks as that used by conventional non-Islamic banks.
Islamic funds do not have any benchmark to compare their performance based on Shari’ah principles.
Islamic financial system community should set up benchmarks for evaluating performance of Islamic capital market products that have investors and society’s welfare at its centre.

23. 4.Risk management capabilities
Islamic financial contracts have their own peculiar risks and reward features.
Islamic financial institutions have to identify, unbundle, measure, monitor and control all the specific risks.
Islamic financial institutions need to have well-developed internal control system to identify any potential deterioration in the asset quality of the Islamic banking portfolio.
Sound risk management practices for Islamic financial contracts would provide comfort and security to the potential investors and boost further growth.

24. 5.Information technology
Information technology can play a major role in development of new Islamic products or boost attractiveness of current products and strengthen enterprise risk management.
Islamic financial institutions should use information technology and decision support systems to capture and store long-term historical data to predict future risk and return underlying Islamic finance product portfolios.

25. 6.Skilled human resources
Educated, committed and competent personnel, with Islamic ethical values are needed to educate customers and general public.
Joint efforts by the Islamic financial institutions, scholars, regulators, universities, and business schools .
INCEIF –Islamic finance university in Malaysia.
Degrees/courses in Islamic finance.