1. Lars Kurth Xen Project Community Manager lars.kurth@xen.org 10 Years of Xen and beyond … @lars_kurth FREENODE: lars_kurth

2. Xen.org becomes XenProject.org Xen.org (single vendor Open Source) XenProject.org (truly vendor neutral Open Source)

3. Xen contributor community is diversifying The number of “significant” active vendors is increasing New feature development driving new participation Linux Foundation Collaborative Project was next logical step

4. Xen : The Gears of the Cloud L arge user base more than 10 million individuals users Powers the largest clouds in production Not just for Servers

5. Teams aka sub-projects –Hypervisor –XAPI –ARM Hypervisor (for Servers as well as Mobile Devices) –Mirage OS (a Xen Library OS) Governance : mixture between Linux Kernel and Apache XenProject.org Overview

6. Hypervisor Architecture

7. Hypervisor Architectures Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor A pure Hypervisor that runs directly on the hardware and hosts Guest OS’s. Provides partition isolation + reliability, higher security Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor Scheduler MMU Device Drivers/Models VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps

8. Hypervisor Architectures Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor A pure Hypervisor that runs directly on the hardware and hosts Guest OS’s. Type 2: OS ‘Hosted’ A Hypervisor that runs within a Host OS and hosts Guest OS’s inside of it, using the host OS services to provide the virtual environment. Provides partition isolation + reliability, higher security Low cost, no additional drivers Ease of use & installation Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor Scheduler MMU Device Drivers/Models VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Host OS Device Drivers Ring-0 VM Monitor “Kernel “ VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps User Apps User-level VMM Device Models

9. Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor Scheduler MMU Device Drivers/Models VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps

10. Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor Scheduler MMU Device Drivers/Models VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Xen Architecture Scheduler MMU

11. Xen: Type 1 with a Twist Type 1: Bare metal Hypervisor Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor Scheduler MMU Device Drivers/Models VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Host HW MemoryCPUsI/O Hypervisor VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Xen Architecture Scheduler MMU Control domain (dom0) Drivers Device Models Linux & BSD

12. Xen Project and Linux Xen Hypervisor is not in the Linux kernel BUT: everything Xen and Xen Guests need to run is! –Linux Kernel 3.0+ is Xen-enabled Xen packages are in all Linux distros (except RHEL6) –Install Dom0 Linux distro –Install Xen package(s) or meta package –Reboot –Config stuff: set up disks, peripherals, etc. More info: wiki.xen.org/wiki/Category:Host_Install

13. Basic Xen Concepts 13 Control domain (dom0) Host HW VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps MemoryCPUsI/O Console Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0Dom0 Dom0 kernel with drivers Xen Management Toolstack Guest Domains Your apps Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) A “driver, device model or control service in a box” De-privileged and isolated Lifetime: start, stop, kill Dom0 Kernel Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM Trusted Computing Base

14. Basic Xen Concepts 14 Control domain (dom0) Host HW VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Console MemoryCPUsI/O Dom0 Kernel Toolstack Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM Console Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0Dom0 Dom0 kernel with drivers Xen Management Toolstack Guest Domains Your apps Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) A “driver, device model or control service in a box” De-privileged and isolated Lifetime: start, stop, kill Trusted Computing Base

15. Basic Xen Concepts 15 Control domain (dom0) Host HW VM n VM 1 VM 0 Guest OS and Apps Guest OS and Apps Console MemoryCPUsI/O One or more driver, stub or service domains Dom0 Kernel Toolstack Hypervisor Scheduler MMU XSM Console Interface to the outside world Control Domain aka Dom0Dom0 Dom0 kernel with drivers Xen Management Toolstack Guest Domains Your apps Driver/Stub/Service Domain(s) A “driver, device model or control service in a box” De-privileged and isolated Lifetime: start, stop, kill Trusted Computing Base

16. Xen : Types of Virtualization

17. 17 Xen Hypervisor Control domain (dom0) Host HW Guest VM n Apps MemoryCPUsI/O Technology: Paravirtualization Linux PV guests have limitations: limited to a subset of set of virtual HW Advantages Fast Works on any system (even without virt extensions) HW Drivers PV Back Ends PV Front Ends Guest OS Dom0 Kernel PV Domains

18. 18 Xen Hypervisor Control domain (dom0) Host HW Guest VM n Apps MemoryCPUsI/O Technology: Paravirtualization Linux PV guests have limitations: limited to a subset of virtual HW Advantages Fast Works on any system (even without virt extensions) Driver Domains Security Isolation Reliability and Robustness HW Drivers PV Back Ends PV Front Ends Driver Domain e.g. Disk Network Driver Domain e.g. Disk Network HW Driver PV Back End Dom0 Kernel* *) Can be MiniOS Guest OS Dom0 Kernel PV Domains & Driver Domains

19. 19 Xen Hypervisor Dom0 Host HW Guest VM n Technology: Shows emulation using QEMU/Device Model (SW Virtualization) In other situation HW can be used Disadvantages Emulation slower than PV (mainly I/O devices) Advantages No kernel support needed Device Model IO Emulation IO Event VMEXIT Dom0 Kernel HVM MemoryCPUsI/O

20. 20 Xen Hypervisor Dom0 Host HW Guest VM n Technology: Shows emulation using QEMU/Device Model (SW Virtualization) In other situation HW can be used Disadvantages Emulation slower than PV (mainly I/O devices) Advantages No kernel support needed Stub Domains Security Isolation Reliability and Robustness Device Model IO Emulation IO Event VMEXIT Stubdom n Device Model Mini OS Guest VM n IO Emulation IO Event VMEXIT Dom0 Kernel HVM & Stub Domains MemoryCPUsI/O

21. The Virtualization Spectrum Fully Virtualized (FV)VS VH FV with PV for disk & networkPVS VH PVHVMPPVSVH PVHPPPVH Fully Paravirtualized (PV)PPPP VH Virtualized (HW) P Paravirtualized VS Virtualized (SW) HVM mode/domain PV mode/domain Disk and NetworkInterrupts, Timers Emulated Motherboard, Legacy boot Privileged Instructions and page tables Xen 4.4

22. The Virtualization Spectrum Fully Virtualized (FV)VS VH FV with PV for disk & networkPVS VH PVHVMPPVSVH PVHPPPVH Fully Paravirtualized (PV)PPPP Scope for improvement Poor performance Optimal performance HVM mode/domain Disk and NetworkInterrupts, Timers Emulated Motherboard, Legacy boot Privileged Instructions and page tables Xen 4.4 PV mode/domain

23. The Virtualization Spectrum Fully Virtualized (FV)VS VH FV with PV for disk & networkPVS VH PVHVMPPVSVH PVHPPPVH Fully Paravirtualized (PV)PPPP Scope for improvement Poor performance Optimal performance HVM mode/domain Disk and NetworkInterrupts, Timers Emulated Motherboard, Legacy boot Privileged Instructions and page tables Xen 4.4 PV mode/domain Important: Xen automatically picks the best option based on HW & OS capabilities and available drivers. As a Xen user I chose a HVM or PV domain. Important: Xen automatically picks the best option based on HW & OS capabilities and available drivers. As a Xen user I chose a HVM or PV domain.

24. Xen Variants

25. 25 Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Xen Hypervisor Hypervisor

26. Single Host Basic Functions Multiple Hosts Additional Functionality Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Increased level of functionality and integration with other components Default / XL (XM) Toolstack / Console Libvirt / VIRSH XAPI / XE Hypervisor Single Host Additional Functionality Xen Hypervisor

27. 27 Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Default / XL (XM) Toolstack / Console Libvirt / VIRSH Project XAPI / XE Xen Hypervisor Cloud Orchestration

28. 28 Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Default / XL (XM) Toolstack / Console Libvirt / VIRSH Products Oracle VM Huawei UVP Citrix XenServer Project XAPI / XE Xen Hypervisor

29. 29 Xen Variants for Server & Cloud Default / XL (XM) Toolstack / Console Libvirt / VIRSH Used by … Project XAPI / XE Xen Hypervisor

30. XAPI, XCP and XCP-XAPI

31. XAPI : What do I get? Multiple Hosts Additional Functionality XAPI / XE Xen Hypervisor VM lifecycle: live snapshots, checkpoint, migration Storage XenMotion: Migrate VMs between hosts or pools without shared storage (while the VM is running) Resource pools: flexible storage and networking Event tracking: progress, notification Upgrade and patching capabilities Real-time performance monitoring and alerting Templates for Windows and Linux guests Open vSwitch support built-in (default) More info: wiki.xen.org/wiki/XCP_Release_Features

32. XAPI : two variants! Multiple Hosts Additional Functionality XAPI / XE Xen Hypervisor XCP ISO (at v1.6) Xen 4.1.3 + XAPI CentOS 5.3 Kernel (v2.6.32.43) OVS 1.4.2 XCP-XAPI packages Debian Wheezy Ubuntu 12.04 LTS CentOS 6.4 soon

33. Challenges for FOSS hypervisors

34. System characteristics cloud users care about: “Robustness, Performance & Security” Results XCP User Survey 2013 – users quoted these as most important attributes

35. Split Control Domain into Driver, Stub and Service Domains –See: ”Breaking up is hard to do” @ Xen PapersBreaking up is hard to doXen Papers –See: “Domain 0 Disaggregation for XCP and XenServer”Domain 0 Disaggregation for XCP and XenServer Used today by Qubes OS and Citrix XenClient XTQubes OS Prototypes for XAPI Disaggregation See qubes-os.org Different windows run in different VMs

36. More Security Increased serviceability and flexibility Better Robustness Better Performance Better Scalability Benefits of Disaggregation Ability to safely restart parts of the system (e.g. just 275ms outage from failed Ethernet driver)

37. Next: XAPI Architecture Diagram Before and After Disaggregation

38. CPU RAM NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) RAID Xen Dom0 Network drivers NFS/ iSCSI drivers Qemu xapiLocal storage drivers NFS/ iSCSI drivers Network drivers Qemu eth scsi User VM NB gntdev NB NFBFNFBF qemu xapi vswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged syslogd vswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged tapdisk blktap3 storaged gntdev Dom0 xenopsd libxl healthd Domain manager Dom0........ Xen xapi

39. CPU RAM NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) RAID Dom0 Network driver domain NFS/ iSCSI driver domain Qemu domain xapi domain Logging domain Local storage driver domain NFS/ iSCSI driver domain Network driver domain User VM NB gntdev NB NFBFNFBF dbus over v4v qemu xapi xenopsd libxl healthd Domain manager vswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged syslogdvswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged tapdisk blktap3 storaged gntdev eth scsi Xen Dom0Dom0 dbus over v4v......

40. 40 XSM is Xen equivalent of LSM FLASK is Xen equivalent of SELinux Developed, maintained and contributed to Xen by NSA Compatible with SELinux (tools, architecture)SELinux XSM object classes maps onto Xen features Xen Security Modules (XSM) & FLASK

41. CPU RAM NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) NIC (or SR- IOV VF) RAID Xen Dom0 Network driver domain NFS/ iSCSI driver domain Qemu domain xapi domain Logging domain Local storage driver domain NFS/ iSCSI driver domain Network driver domain eth scsi User VM NB gntdev NB NFBFNFBF qemu xapi xenopsd libxl healthd Domain manager vswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged syslogdvswitch networkd tapdisk blktap3 storaged tapdisk blktap3 storaged gntdev FLASK policy restricting access Dom0Dom0...... dbus over v4v Xen

42. 42 Xen Security Advantages Even without Advanced Security Features –Well-defined trusted computing base (much smaller than on type-2 HV) –Minimal services in hypervisor layer Advanced Security Features –Xen has many Advanced Security Features –Most are not switched on by default –Although most are simple to use, some seen complicated More info: http://www.slideshare.net/xen_com_mgr/ a-brief-tutorial-on-xens-advanced-security-features

43. ARM Hypervisor

44. ARM Servers Coming to Market 4GB RAM, 4 cores per node 3 x 6 x 4 x 4 = 288 cores per 4 RU Xen for ARM Servers : Why ? Single node virtualization capability Manageability

45. Fully functional for ARM v7 & v8 ARM v7: Versatile Express, Arndale & Samsung Chromebook ARM v8: Fast Model Xen 4.3 for ARM Servers

46. ARM SOC Xen + ARM = a perfect Match ARM Architecture Features for Virtualization Hypervisor mode : EL2 Kernel mode : EL1 User mode : EL0 GIC v2 GT 2 stage MMU I/O Device Tree describes … Hypercall Interface HVC

47. ARM SOC ARM Architecture Features for Virtualization EL2 EL1 EL0 GIC v2 GT 2 stage MMU I/O Device Tree describes … HVC Xen + ARM = a perfect Match Xen Hypervisor I/O PV back PV front I/O HVC

48. One mode to rule them all x86: PVHVMPPVSVH x86: PVPPPP ARM v7 & v8PVH Scope for improvement Optimal performance HVM mode/domain PV mode/domain Disk and NetworkInterrupts, Timers Emulated Motherboard, Legacy boot Privileged Instructions and page tables

49. What’s Next?

50. Release candidates & Xen Test Days (June 5 th ) Xen ARM for Servers Extend scope of Xen Security Modules Default to QEMU upstream Updated and improved libvirt drivers for Xen Lots of other stuff: –scalability, performance, better NUMA support, … Xen 4.3 Release (June 2013) More info: http://lists.xen.org/archives/html/xen-devel/2013-05/msg01134.html

51. “For about a year members of the Xen Project, the CentOS community and large Xen Users have worked on bringing Xen and XAPI to CentOS 6” Driven by demand from the community : Can run Xen on CentOS 6 today, but non-trivial We wanted “YUM INSTALL XEN” Mostly a packaging problem Teams from CentOS, Citrix, Go Daddy & Rackspace QA and usability sanity checks Xen 4 + XAPI in CentOS 6 (June 2013)

52. “Growth is leading to more structure & more collaboration & more openness!” Establishing a shared and open test infrastructure –Goal: Increase development velocity and quality Improved usability and better distro-integration –Xen + XAPI in CentOS 6.4 More focus on downstreams –OpenStack and Xen Orchestra –Better libvirt and virt-manager integration Changing the XAPI / XCP release model Xen on ARM and collaboration with Linaro The Xen Community is Changing

53. Online : xenproject.org > User & Help menus Mailing Lists and IRC Q&A System Find me and I can get you hooked up! Events : xenproject.org/about/events.html Test Days (IRC at #xentest) … next one June 5th Document Days (IRC at #xendocs) … the next one is June 24 th User (Sept 18, New Orleans) and Developer Summits (Oct 24-25, Edinburgh) Hackathons – see http://blog.xen.org/index.php/2013/05/28/ event-report-xen-hackathon-2013/ Getting Started with Xen Projects

54. Thank You! Slides available under CC-BY-SA 3.0 From www.slideshare.net/xen_com_mgrwww.slideshare.net/xen_com_mgr @lars_kurth FREENODE: lars_kurth News: blog.xenproject.org Web: xenproject.org –Help for IRC, Lists, … –Stackoverflow like Q&A Wiki: wiki.xenproject.org Presentations: slideshare.net/xen_com_mgr Videos: vimeo.com/channels/xen