1. Objectives of the Workshop, Results of SMOS+ Surface Ocean Salinity (SOS) Ellis Ash (SatOC) Christine Gommenginger, Chris Banks, Eleni Tzortzi (NOC) Jacqueline Boutin (LOCEAN) Nicolas Reul (Ifremer) Matt Martin (Met Office) Craig Donlon (ESA) http://www.smos-sos.org

2. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 2 Contents Objectives of the workshop The SMOS+SOS project Key science questions SMOS+SOS results showcase Conclusions Further talks and posters

3. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 3 Objectives of the Workshop Review the progress in our understanding of ocean salinity and associated processes [all sessions] Present the status of satellite remote sensing of sea surface salinity and its contribution to ocean science [all sessions, especially sessions 1, 2, 3] Explore techniques and challenges associated with the use of salinity data in ocean models [sessions 4 and 6] Identify the most promising future applications for satellite- derived estimates of sea surface salinity Review user requirements for future satellite-derived estimates of sea surface salinity Prioritise future activities for ocean salinity science [panel discussion]

4. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 4 Workshop Programme Summary Session 1: Sea surface salinity monitoring: past present and future Session 2: Complementarities between in situ and satellite SSS observing systems Session 3: Satellite salinity observing systems: current performance and issues (geophysical products) Session 4: Salinity and ocean circulation, including modeling, transports and upper ocean processes Session 5: Salinity and ocean biology, biogeochemistry, bio-optics Session 6: Salinity and ocean circulation, including climate and forecasting Session 7: Salinity and the water cycle, including atmosphere/ocean/land/ice interactions and fluxes + panel discussion

5. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 5 The SMOS+ SOS Project SMOS+ Surface Ocean Salinity (SOS) is an ESA STSE project to demonstrate the performance and scientific value of SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) products through five well-defined case studies.

6. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 6 Key science questions for SMOS+ SOS How does the surface salinity measurement made by SMOS relate to the salinity at several meters depth? What is the accuracy and uncertainty of SMOS SSS? What are the new oceanographic processes we can study with SMOS SSS? What do we gain from using SMOS and SAC/D Aquarius mission data in synergy?

7. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 7 Amazon and Orinoco river outflow From S. Fournier PhD thesis, Ifremer / CATDS

8. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 8 Agulhas and Gulf Stream currents From Reul et al. (2014), GRL 41(9), 3141-3148

9. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 9 Pre-assimilation studies Intercomparison work at the Met Office, see Session 6 Matt Martin

10. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 10 SPURS region and Azores current From Kolodziejczyk et al. (2014), JGR: Oceans, under minor revision Session 4, 1200-1220: N. Kolodziejczyk

11. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 11 Tropical instability waves From Yin et al. (2014), JGR: Oceans, in press Poster by X. Yin, Session 2, 1120-1150: J. Boutin

12. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 12 Rain events in Tropical pacific and Atlantic From Boutin et al. (2014), JGR: Oceans, 119(8), 5533-5545 Session 7, 1010-1030: J. Boutin

13. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 13 High precision of SMOS relative SSS measurements See smos-sos.org and Hernandez et al. (2014), JGR: Oceans, in press

14. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 14 Conclusions Excellent ability of SMOS to detect strong salinity gradients further understood (Amazon plumes, Gulf Stream) Mesoscale salinity signatures over open ocean also very well monitored (frontal zones, rain events) How does the salinity measurement made by SMOS relate to the salinity at several meters depth? New evidence of strong surface freshening after rain events What is the accuracy and uncertainty of SMOS SSS? Relative precision of SMOS SSS refined to ~0.2 over scales 1 month and 100km What are the new oceanographic processes we can study with SMOS SSS? Thermohaline variability (fronts and eddies), propagation of tropical instability waves

15. Ocean Salinity Science 2014, 26-28 th November, Met Officeslide 15 SMOS+SOS talks and poster Session 2, 1120-1150: Jacqueline Boutin (LOCEAN) SMOS provides SSS measurements complimentary to in situ network Session 6, 1700-1720: Matthew Martin (Met Office) Suitability of satellite sea surface salinity data for use in assessing and correcting ocean forecasts Session 7, 1010-1030: Jacqueline Boutin (LOCEAN) Sea Surface Salinity under rain cells: SMOS satellite and in-situ drifters observations Session 7, 1120-1140: Eleni Tzortzi (NOC) Towards a better description of the Atlantic SSS variability from SMOS and the role of freshwater fluxes Poster: Chris Banks (NOC) Building climatological sea surface salinity products from SMOS Session 4, 1200-1220: N. Kolodziejczyk (LOCEAN) SMOS salinity in the Subtropical North Atlantic Salinity Maximum: Horizontal Thermohaline Variability. Session 5, 1440-1500: C. Brown (LOCEAN) The application of SMOS salinity and SST to quantify carbon fluxes from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. Poster: X. Yin (LOCEAN) Sea surface salinity signatures of tropical instability waves: new evidence from SMOS