1. Observing Invertebrates

2. Classification Classification = arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities Classification = arranging animals or other things into groups according to their similarities Carolus Linnaeus = came up with a practical methods of classifying the plants and animals into groups according to their similarities Carolus Linnaeus = came up with a practical methods of classifying the plants and animals into groups according to their similarities

3. Linnaeus’ System Practical Method for classification KindgomKing PhylumPhillip Class Caught OrderOne FamilyFunny GenusGreen SpeciesSnake

4. Last 2 divisions give the scientific name Last 2 divisions give the scientific name Languages for scientific names were Latin and Greek; chosen because educated people in the Western world spoke these languages Languages for scientific names were Latin and Greek; chosen because educated people in the Western world spoke these languages

5. Kingdoms Plant Kingdom Plant Kingdom Animal Kingdom Animal Kingdom

6. Plant Kingdom Forests Forests Fungus Fungus

7. More Plant Kingdom Venus Fly Trap Venus Fly Trap Flowers Flowers

8. Animal Kingdom Alligator Alligator Birds Birds

9. More Animal Kingdom Amoeba Amoeba Butterflies Butterflies

10. More Animal Kingdom Deer Deer Eagle Eagle

11. Animal Kingdom Vertebrates = animal with a backbone Vertebrates = animal with a backbone Invertebrates = animals without a backbone Invertebrates = animals without a backbone

12. Vertebrates Horse Horse Cats Cats

13. Vertebrate = Cat

14. Other Cat Classifications Orders Orders Carnivores Carnivores Family Family Felids Felids Genus Genus Felis Felis Species Species Feline Feline

15. Class of Vertebrates = 3% Mammals Mammals Birds Birds Fish Fish Amphibians Amphibians Reptiles Reptiles

16. Invertebrates Butterflies Butterflies Paramecium Paramecium

17. Classes of Invertebrates = 97% Protozoans – microscopic animals Protozoans – microscopic animals Paramecium Paramecium Amoeba Amoeba Arthropods Arthropods Insects Insects Arachnids Arachnids Crustaceans Crustaceans Centipedes Centipedes Millipedes Millipedes Mollusks Mollusks Worms Worms

18. Phylum Arthropods External skeleton = exoskeleton – made of chitin (tough material of protein) External skeleton = exoskeleton – made of chitin (tough material of protein) Jointed appendages = legs Jointed appendages = legs Segmented bodies Segmented bodies 90% are in the insect class 90% are in the insect class

19. Insects 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen 3 body parts: head, thorax, abdomen 1 pair of antennae to help feel, hear, and taste 1 pair of antennae to help feel, hear, and taste Simple eyes to see light and shadow Simple eyes to see light and shadow Compound eyes to see in many directions at once Compound eyes to see in many directions at once Spiracles – tiny openings in the abdomen where air enters Spiracles – tiny openings in the abdomen where air enters

20. More Insect Notes Tracheae – breathing tubes Tracheae – breathing tubes 3 pairs of jointed legs 3 pairs of jointed legs 1 or more pairs of wings 1 or more pairs of wings

21. Insects Butterfly Butterfly Praying mantis Praying mantis

22. Metamorphosis Metamorphosis = change in appearance Metamorphosis = change in appearance Complete metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis Egg = larva = pupa = adult Egg = larva = pupa = adult Examples are butterflies and moths Examples are butterflies and moths

23. Complete Metamorphosis Monarch butterfly Monarch butterfly Horn devil moth Horn devil moth

24. Incomplete Metamorphosis Egg = nymph = adult Egg = nymph = adult Example: grasshopper Example: grasshopper

25. Familiar Order of Insects Orthoptera = means straight wings Orthoptera = means straight wings Straight, papery wings that fold in a straight line along bodies when not flying Straight, papery wings that fold in a straight line along bodies when not flying

26. Examples of Orthoptera Examples: crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches Examples: crickets, grasshoppers, locusts, cockroaches

27. More Orders Odonata = means toothed Odonata = means toothed Long, slender bodies; huge eyes; 2 pair of transparent wings Long, slender bodies; huge eyes; 2 pair of transparent wings

28. Examples of Odonata Order Damselfly Damselfly Dragonfly Dragonfly

29. Coleoptera Order Coleoptera = means sheath wings Coleoptera = means sheath wings ¼ of all insects are in this order ¼ of all insects are in this order Straight line down their backs Straight line down their backs

30. Coleoptera Example Beetles Beetles

31. Homoptera Order Homoptera = means same wings Homoptera = means same wings When not flying, their wings look like a tent When not flying, their wings look like a tent They are a nuisance to farmers They are a nuisance to farmers

32. Homoptera Aphids Aphids Cicada Cicada

33. Hymenoptera Hymenoptera means membrane wings Hymenoptera means membrane wings Social insects like bees, ants and wasps Social insects like bees, ants and wasps

34. Lepidotera Order Lepidoptera means scale wings Lepidoptera means scale wings Butterflies fly during the day Butterflies fly during the day Moths fly mostly at night (nocturnal) Moths fly mostly at night (nocturnal)

35. Lepidoptera Examples Monarch Butterfly Monarch Butterfly Horn Devil Moth Horn Devil Moth

36. Hemiptera Order Hemiptera means helf wing Hemiptera means helf wing Front wings cross over to form an X or V at the base of the abdomen Front wings cross over to form an X or V at the base of the abdomen True bugs True bugs

37. Hemiptera Examples Stink Bug Stink Bug

38. Diptera Order Diptera means two wings Diptera means two wings Leave popular group of insects Leave popular group of insects

39. Diptera Examples Fly Fly Mosquito Mosquito

40. Arthropod Engineers: Spiders Belong to Animal Kingdom and Phylum Arthropod; Class of Arachnids Belong to Animal Kingdom and Phylum Arthropod; Class of Arachnids 8 legs 8 legs Simple eyes with poor vision Simple eyes with poor vision 2 distinct body regions 2 distinct body regions Abdomen Abdomen Cephalothorax = head and thorax combined Cephalothorax = head and thorax combined

41. Arachnids continued No wings, so they crawl from place to place No wings, so they crawl from place to place No antennae, but feel with setae (sensitive hairs that grow all over their body) No antennae, but feel with setae (sensitive hairs that grow all over their body) Creative engineers making webs to trap food Creative engineers making webs to trap food

42. Arachnids continued Breathe with book lung (organ in their body where several thin sheets of tissue are filled with blood vessels like a book’s pages) Breathe with book lung (organ in their body where several thin sheets of tissue are filled with blood vessels like a book’s pages) Growth is from baby spiders; not through metamorphosis Growth is from baby spiders; not through metamorphosis

43. Spider Webs Manufacture silk inside their abdomens Manufacture silk inside their abdomens Use silk webs to trap insects for food Use silk webs to trap insects for food Rely on silk safety lines to keep from falling when they jump from place to place Rely on silk safety lines to keep from falling when they jump from place to place Use camouflage (disguise or conceal) their hideaways with silk Use camouflage (disguise or conceal) their hideaways with silk Ballooning = way young spiders sail through the air on silk strands Ballooning = way young spiders sail through the air on silk strands

44. Spiders Spinnerets = special tubelike structures on a spider that produce silk Spinnerets = special tubelike structures on a spider that produce silk Orb Web = wheel-shaped spider web with a spider in the center; only lasts about a day Orb Web = wheel-shaped spider web with a spider in the center; only lasts about a day

45. Selection of Spiders Platform spider = blankets a small section of ground with a flat maze of silk to form a sheet web Platform spider = blankets a small section of ground with a flat maze of silk to form a sheet web Ogre-faced spider = uses its silk to make a tiny net small enough to hold between its leg Ogre-faced spider = uses its silk to make a tiny net small enough to hold between its leg

46. Kinds of Spiders Trapdoor spiders = digs a hole in the ground and waits for its meal; lines the hole with silk and then build a silk trap door that fils snugly over the top of the hole Trapdoor spiders = digs a hole in the ground and waits for its meal; lines the hole with silk and then build a silk trap door that fils snugly over the top of the hole Spitting spider = spits out a pair of strong, sticky threads to immobilize its victim Spitting spider = spits out a pair of strong, sticky threads to immobilize its victim Water spider = lives entire life underwater Water spider = lives entire life underwater

47. Spitting Spider

48. Trapdoor Spider spiderhome

49. More Kinds of Spiders Black Widow = found in dark basements and sheds; can easily be recognized by the red, orange, or yellow “hourglass” on its black abdomen; bite can be deadly Black Widow = found in dark basements and sheds; can easily be recognized by the red, orange, or yellow “hourglass” on its black abdomen; bite can be deadly Brown Recluse = harmful spider by a dark violin-shaped mark on top of its body; bite is painless, but venom is deadly Brown Recluse = harmful spider by a dark violin-shaped mark on top of its body; bite is painless, but venom is deadly

50. Pictures of Spiders Black Widow Black Widow Brown Recluse Brown Recluse

51. More Spiders Tarantula = largest spiders in the world; feeds primarily on insects, small reptiles, small mammals, and sometimes frogs Tarantula = largest spiders in the world; feeds primarily on insects, small reptiles, small mammals, and sometimes frogs Goliath birdeater of South America is the world’s largest tarantula Goliath birdeater of South America is the world’s largest tarantula Harvestman = daddy longlegs; round body suspended between 8 long legs; feeds on insects and garden plants Harvestman = daddy longlegs; round body suspended between 8 long legs; feeds on insects and garden plants

52. More Arachnid Pictures Tarantula Tarantula Harvestman Harvestman

53. More Arachnids Scorpion = long tail with a poisonous needlelike point on the end Scorpion = long tail with a poisonous needlelike point on the end Ticks Ticks Mites = can cause a skin infection called mange (fatal for animals if left untreated); people get skin infections called scabies Mites = can cause a skin infection called mange (fatal for animals if left untreated); people get skin infections called scabies Host = term describes the organism on which a parasite lives Host = term describes the organism on which a parasite lives

54. THEEND