1. ITGD3101Modern Telecommunications Lecture-1- Pulse Code Modulation week 1- S1/ 2009-2010 Dr. Anwar Mousa University of Palestine Faculty of Information Technology

2. 2 DATETOPICS Week 1  Course description-Sampling Theorem Week 2  Pulse Code Modulation Week 3  Pulse Code Modulation Week 4  Principles of Data transmission- Digital communications systems Week 5  Line coding Week 6  Line coding Week 7  Pulse shaping Week 8  Mid-Term Exam Week 9  Detection-Error Probability Week 10  M-ary communications Week 11  Optimum Threshold Detection Week 12  Signal space Week 13  Optimum receiver Week 14  Error Correcting Codes Linear Block Codes Week 15  FINAL EXAM Week 16  FINAL EXAM

3. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved3 Instructor Information Office location: Office hours: Email: anwar_mousa@yahoo.com Phone: 1115 Research interests:

4. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved4 Textbook and Software Require textbook: B.P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 3 rd edition, Oxford University Press, 1998 Recommended readings  Digital communications: J. Proakis, Digital Communications  Random process: G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Stirzaker, Probability and Random Processes  Estimation and detection: H.V. Poor, An introduction to Signal Detection and Estimation

5. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved5 Homework, Project, and Exam Homework  1 assignment per week  Exams  Two exams: Midterm and Final  Participations  Attendance and Feedback

6. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved6 Teaching Styles Slides plus Whiteboard  Slides can convey more information in an organized way  Whiteboard is better for equations and prevents you from not coming. Course Website  Print handouts with 3 slides per page before you come  Homework assignment and solutions Feedback  Too fast, too slow  Presentation

7. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved7 Course Outline  (Chapter 6) Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation  Sampling Theorem  Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)  (Chapter 7)

8. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved8 Course Outline

9. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved9 Course Outline  (Chapter 13) Behavior of Digital communication systems in the presence of Noise  Optimum Threshold Detection  Optimum Binary Receiver  M-ary Communications  (Chapter 14)

10. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved10 Course Outline

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12. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved12 Contents Sampling theorem Quantization Pulse Code Modulation

13. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved13 Aperiodic signal representation by Fourier Transform

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16. UP-Copyrights reserved16 Today, we are going to talk about: The first important step in any DCS: Transforming the information source to a form compatible with a digital system

17. UP-Copyrights reserved17 Encode Transmit Pulse modulate SampleQuantize Demodulate/ Detect Channel Receive Low-pass filter Decode Pulse waveforms Bit stream Format Digital info. Textual info. Analog info. Textual info. Analog info. Digital info. source sink Formatting and transmission of baseband signal

18. UP-Copyrights reserved18 Format analog signals To transform an analog waveform into a form that is compatible with a digital communication, the following steps are taken: 1.Sampling 2.Quantization and encoding 3.Baseband transmission

19. UP-Copyrights reserved19 Sampling theorem

20. UP-Copyrights reserved20 Sampling theorem

21. UP-Copyrights reserved21 Sampling theorem

22. UP-Copyrights reserved22 Sampling theorem

23. UP-Copyrights reserved23 Sampling theorem

24. UP-Copyrights reserved24 Sampling theorem Sampling theorem: A bandlimited signal with no spectral components beyond, can be uniquely determined by values sampled at uniform intervals of The sampling rate, is called Nyquist rate.

25. UP-Copyrights reserved25 Sampling theorem

26. UP-Copyrights reserved26 Sampling theorem

27. UP-Copyrights reserved27 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

28. UP-Copyrights reserved28 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

29. UP-Copyrights reserved29 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

30. UP-Copyrights reserved30 Quantization example t Ts: sampling time x(nTs): sampled values xq(nTs): quantized values boundaries Quant. levels 111 3.1867 110 2.2762 101 1.3657 100 0.4552 011 -0.4552 010 -1.3657 001 -2.2762 000 -3.1867 PCM codeword 110 110 111 110 100 010 011 100 100 011 PCM sequence amplitude x(t)

31. UP-Copyrights reserved31 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

32. UP-Copyrights reserved32 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

33. UP-Copyrights reserved33 Pulse Code Modulation (PCM).

34. UP-Copyrights reserved34 Advantages of Digital Communications

35. UP-Copyrights reserved35 Advantages of Digital Communications

36. UP-Copyrights reserved36 Advantages of Digital Communications

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43. 02-02-2008UP-Copyrights reserved43 Summary We have studies the following topics: Sampling theorem Quantization Pulse Code Modulation