1. 1 Advance Computer Architecture CSE 8383 Ranya Alawadhi

2. CSE8383CSE8383 2 Compilers for Instruction-Level Parallelism Schlansker, M., Conte, T. M., Dehnert, J., Ebcioglu, K., Fang, J. Z., and Thompson, C. L. 1997. Compilers for Instruction-Level Parallelism. Computer 30, 12 (Dec. 1997), 63-69

3. CSE8383CSE8383 3 Agenda  Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP)  ILP Compilers Roles  Areas of interest to ILP Compilers  Conclusion  Questions?

4. CSE8383CSE8383 4 Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP)  Allows a sequence of instructions derived from a sequential program to be parallelized for execution on multiple pipeline functional units  Advantages: Improves performance The programmer is not required to rewrite existing applications Works with current software programs  Implementation: Hardware-centric Software-centric

5. CSE8383CSE8383 5 ILP Compilers Roles  Enhance performance  Eliminate the complex processing needed to parallelize code  Accelerate the nonlooping codes prevalent in most applications

6. CSE8383CSE8383 6 Optimization Criteria Operation count Vs Processor model

7. CSE8383CSE8383 7 Statistical Compilation  Statistical information is used to : Predict the outcome of conditional braches Improve program optimization & scheduling Improve the performance of frequently taken paths  Statistical information : The location of operands in cache The probability of a memory alias The likelihood that an operand has a specific value

8. CSE8383CSE8383 8 ILP Scheduling  To achieve high performance, ILP compilers must jointly schedule multiple basic blocks  The formation of scheduling regions is best performed using control flow statistics  ILP schedulers address complex trade-offs using heuristics based on approximations

9. CSE8383CSE8383 9 Dynamic Compilation  Static Compilation: Tune code to a single implementation of a specific processor architecture  Dynamic Compilation Transparently customizes an exactable file during execution Uses information not known when the software was distributed

10. CSE8383CSE8383 10 Program Analysis  Specially memory analysis  Benefits: Improves program schedules Improves code quality better cache hierarchy use  Analysis techniques derived from sequential processor may produce poor results in ILP processors  Performing analysis over large amounts of code can be unacceptably slow and consume too much memory

11. CSE8383CSE8383 11 Program Transformation  Representation to find fine-grained parallelism: Program graph Machine model  Transformations that support ILP: Expression reassociation Loop unrolling Tail duplication Register renaming Procedure inlining

12. CSE8383CSE8383 12 Increasing Hardware Parallelism  Current processor designs attempt to use more functional units to provide increased hardware parallelism  Compilers take an increasingly complex responsibilities to ensure efficient use of hardware resources  The number of operations “in flight” measures the amount of parallelism the compiler must provide to keep an ILP processor busy

13. CSE8383CSE8383 13 Architectures & Compilers  To assess new architectures compilers must incorporate proposed architectural features  Compilers are the only way to evaluate an architecture’s performance on real applications

14. CSE8383CSE8383 14 Promising Areas of Research  ILP compiler techniques are evolving from scientific computing technology into a broadly useful scalar technology  There are Obstacles inhibit the efficient use of hardware parallelism  In addition to the rewards gained from beneficial techniques, they can generate side effects!

15. CSE8383CSE8383 15 Techniques to Reduce Compile Time  New strategies results in long compile times  To speed compilation: Careful application partitioning Better algorithms for analysis and optimization

16. CSE8383CSE8383 16 Conclusion  ILP represents a paradigm shift that redefines the traditional field of compilation  ILP compilation presents challenges not addressed in traditional compilers  As we scale up the amount of hardware parallelism, compilers take on increasingly complex responsibilities to ensure efficient use of hardware resources

17. CSE8383CSE8383 17 Questions?