1. ASIA EARTHQUAKE & TSUNAMI December 26, 2004 OVERVIEW AND COMPARISON TO THE CASCADIA SUBDUCTION ZONE Contributed by ASCE/TCLEE Reconnaissance Team members Curtis Edwards, team leader *material is complied from publicly available sources

2. World’s Worst Subduction Zone Quake Disaster What was it? Magnitude 9.0 Subduction Zone Earthquake Magnitude 9.0 Subduction Zone Earthquake What Happened? Strong Ground Shaking for 3-7 Minutes Strong Ground Shaking for 3-7 Minutes Local and Distant Tsunamis Local and Distant Tsunamis Extensive human losses Extensive human losses (Photo Source: unknown)

3. Hotel That Survived Nicest Hotel in Banda Aceh, Sumatra Nicest Hotel in Banda Aceh, Sumatra 5-Story Concrete Hotel performed well 5-Story Concrete Hotel performed well (Lia Cut correspondence to YW, 1/20/05)

4. Two Mosques That Withstood The Tsunami Forces Banda Aceh, Sumatra (Lia Cut correspondence to YW, 1/20/05 )

5. Banda Aceh Shore, Indonesia BEFORE (http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/2.html)

6. Banda Aceh Shore, Indonesia AFTER (http://homepage.mac.com/demark/tsunami/2.html)

7. Slope Failures & Tsunami Flooding Slope failures along the bases of the hills (Lia Cut correspondence to YW, 1/20/05)

8. Tectonic Setting and Historic Seismicity (Indian plate under Burma plate) (USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/)

9. Magnitude 9.0 Earthquake Shaking Felt Across the Indian Ocean (IRIS, www.iris.iris.edu/sumatra/ and http://pasadena.wr.usgs.gov/shake/ous/STORE/Xslav_04/ciim_display.html)www.iris.iris.edu/sumatra/

10. Tsunami Travel Times and Estimated Wave Heights (USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/tsustats.gif, NASA, http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/natural_hazards_v2.php3?img_id=12645)

11. Total Destruction at Phi Phi Island, Thailand Film location for “The Beach” starring Leonardo DiCaprio (Asian Institute of Technology, Working paper on AIT’s Response to the Earthquake and Tsunami in South and Southeast Asia, 2005)

12. Sites to be investigated by U.S. engineering team from ASCE and EERI US Engineering Team Base (Source: Thailand DMR and AIT seminar)

13. Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake & Tsunami Statistics Date: Sunday, December 26, 2004 Date: Sunday, December 26, 2004 Region: Off W Coast of N. Sumatra, Indonesia Region: Off W Coast of N. Sumatra, Indonesia Magnitude: 9.0, Type: Subduction Zone Magnitude: 9.0, Type: Subduction Zone Depth: about 30 km (18.6 miles) Depth: about 30 km (18.6 miles) Rupture Length: >700-mile section plate shifted Rupture Length: >700-mile section plate shifted Tsunamis: Caused massive tsunamis Tsunamis: Caused massive tsunamis Direct Fatalities from shaking and tsunami: Over 225,000 Direct Fatalities from shaking and tsunami: Over 225,000 Indirect Losses: Infrastructure continuity, fire, disease, looting, food-water-fuel-medical shortages Indirect Losses: Infrastructure continuity, fire, disease, looting, food-water-fuel-medical shortages

14. Fires Flames spread on the debris-strewn coast of Aceh Province CStrand correspondence to YW, 1/25/05

15. Hazardous Fuels Hazardous Fuels Scattered Drums from Government-owned Pertamina Oil company (CStrand correspondence to YW, 1/25/05) Unsafe distribution of fuel, Aceh Province, Indonesia

16. Comparison of Plate Tectonic Settings Cascadia Sunda Trench (USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/)

17. Comparison of U.S. & Indonesia Shaking Maps PGA 10 % probability of being exceeded in the next 50 years on rock site (USGS, http://eqhazmaps.usgs.gov) PGA 10 % probability of being exceeded in the next 50 yrs on rock site (USGS, http://neic.usgs.gov/neis/world/indonesia/gshap.html)

18. Comparison of Statistics Sumatra Earthquake Cascadia Model Quake Magnitude 9.0 Magnitude 9.0 Shaking for 3-7 minutes Shaking for 3-7 minutes Generated Tsunami Generated Tsunami High Consequence event High Consequence event Long term recovery Long term recovery About 225k fatalities About 225k fatalities Cost unknown Cost unknown Tsunami Hit 11 countries Tsunami Hit 11 countries Magnitude 8.5 Magnitude 8.5 Minutes of Shaking Minutes of Shaking Generates Tsunami Generates Tsunami High Consequence event High Consequence event Long term recovery Long term recovery Est. >5k fatalities (in OR) Est. >5k fatalities (in OR) Est. building damage Est. building damage $12 billion $12 billion

19. Sumatra-quake Rupture Length (arrow) Compared to Cascadia Subduction Zone (USGS, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/usslav/rupture_area-nw.html)