1. Detector R&D Opportunities at Fermilab: a Must or a May Do? Adam Para

2. Fast Forward: Fermilab, AD 2013 We are the flagship of HEP in the US, spending 35% of the HEP funding We have one accelerator-based experiment It is struggling to compete with one of the LHC experiments (not the first rate one) It is an optimistic scenario  Need to find better/more use of our unique resources  Diversify

3. Adam Para Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Proposed in May 1976 at Fermilab (Herb Chen, P496). R&D enthusiastically endorsed by the PAC (BTW: is the endorsement still valid?) 50 L/100 L prototypes at UCI and Caltech, Fermilab prototype (Sam Segler/Bob Kephart) 10 ton prototype at Los Alamos (Herb Chen, Peter Doe) BARS spectrometer operating in Protvino (2 x 150 ton) (Franco Sergiampietri, S. Denisov, Alberto Marchionni) 25 years of pioneering efforts at CERN and INFN (Carlo Rubbia + countless others) + advances in technology 50 l prototype in WANF beam 3 ton prototype, 10 m 3 prototype 600 ton detector operating in Pavia 2x1200 ton detectors under construction for GS (ICARUS)

4. Adam Para Liquid Argon Imaging Calorimeter is a Mature Technology Three dimensional image of all charged tracks Excellent multi-track resolution Very good spatial resolution (~ 2-3 mm) Excellent energy resolution (7% at 4 MeV) It works! Superb detector in search of physics

5. Adam Para Liquid Argon TPC and Fermilab? Physics (part I) NuMI neutrino beam – an unique asset, surely a major component of our physics program Lar TPC as an off axis detector has five times bigger reach as more conventional sampling detectors : high electron ID efficiency excellent background rejection capabilities  Liquid Argon TPC == proton driver at no cost  Proton driver + $100 M – a factor 10 further improvement of reach Technical expertize Cryogenics Large area wire chambers Low noise readout electronics (pixels?) Large systems engineering Very high voltage systems Computing (huge data volumes, pattern recognition, analysis techniques)

6. Adam Para Fine print? Problems which aren’t: Liquid argon purity (drift up to 5 meters possible) Cryogenics … Problems which are: Safety  detector design  cost Related to the underground location Large detectors are easier and much cheaper (per unit mass) to build than small ones. Most of the problems are related to the surface (heat leaks, contamination) or are independent of the size ( HV feed throughs, purification plants)

7. Adam Para Large LAr TPC concept Components Large single cryogenic tank Cathode planes every 6-10 meters Large area wire chambers Modern low noise electronics Powerful data acquisition system HV 150-125 kV Optimize: Tank geometry/aspect ratio Drift distance/HV Readout scheme: granularity, induction planes/pads/pixels 50 kton detector very realistic. At or below the cost of other, less powerful, technologies LANDD (Cline, Rubbia, McDonald,…)

8. Adam Para Physics, part II (a.k.a. diversify) 50 kton LAr TPC has a unique potential to discover/set stringent limit on a proton decay (especially the interesting decay mode K ) Data handling capabilities likely to be the primary challenge here Good imaging capabilities combined with excellent energy resolution makes a LAr TPC a very attractive detector for a neutrinoless double beta decay experiment: an opportunity to establish the nature on a neutrino An opportunity to establish the neutrino hierarchy/measure the mass Good energy resolution, spatial resolution and self-calibrating nature of the measurement makes LAr detector a very attractive choice for a reactor oscillation experiment. Do not need to move the far detector ?

9. Adam Para Steps/ R&D efforts Construct (find/borrow.. Whatever is more effective) a small prototype (~100 liters) to serve as a test bed for Readout chambers Readout electronics Ultimate energy resolution Construct, in collaboration with INFN, 5-6 meter long prototype (tube, ~ 30-40 cm diameter) to serve as a test bed for: Long drift distances/purification techniques High voltage, feed throughs, field shaping, handling, generation ( Cockroft-Walton??) Jump start by capitalizing on a huge successful effort in Europe (ICARUS) Design dedicated, highly reliable, low noise readout system (ASIC) to work inside the liquid argon Start engineering studies of a very large, 50 kton class, detector. One tank? Two-three tanks?

10. Adam Para ICARUS vs/at Fermilab (why would they care to teach us??) Our unique asset: neutrino test beam (a.k.a. MiniBOONE) (John Cooper’s talk) Window of opportunity: new T1200 modules are being constructed, but the CNGS beam is delayed (caught Fermilab fever?) Possible scenario: Construct a hall in the MiniBOONE beam Borrow the first ICARUS T1200 complete module (including electronics, software, people) Run for a year or two, schedule dependent

11. Adam Para Win-win opportunity ‘We’: Get first hand experience with large, functioning device. Understand the issues, develop possible improvements for larger scale detectors Port simulation/analysis software ‘They’: Test beam exposure of the new design of the detector System shake-down Calibration of the detector response All: Interesting physics: Neutrino magnetic moment, factor 10-20 beyond the current limit (Bonnie Fleming) Exlusive reactions, resonance production Vector and axial form-factors Strange spin component of the proton (FINESSE)

12. Adam Para Conclusion Newly developed technology of liquid argon imaging calorimetry offers a very attractive (and diversified) physics opportunities to our physics program We can make a Great Leap Forward by learning and using the technology developed by/for ICARUS (and get some physics as an extra bonus) Application of the technology to a very large detectors offers several interesting problems. These problems well match skills and experience of our scientific and technical staff It looks like a lot of challenging fun