© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 1 © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Jeff Keown Cisco.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2 Purpose of this training, Intended Audience Basic Multicast Concepts/Demonstration WLC Multicast Operation WLC Multicast Configuration/ Verification Converged Access Configuration Common issues Setting up your own testbed

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 F0/9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 PC1 F0/30 PC2 F0/31

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5 This training is for engineers knowledgeable about controller based wireless networks, but not well versed in multicast. We will cover basic multicast concepts relevant to understanding general concepts of configuring, verifying and troubleshooting multicast in a WLC environment. Provide examples of specific methods, equipment and tools for participants to set up their own wireless multicast test beds for additional learning.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7 Key terms IGMP (Internet Group Management Protocol) Layer 2 multicast protocol Used to inform multicast routers of L2 multicast activity, and to constrain multicast traffic at the L2 level (IGMP Snooping). IGMP Client An IP host that intends to receive multicast traffic. May also be referred to as a ‘receiver’ or ‘listener’. IGMP Report Often referred to as an ‘IGMP Join’. Sent by IGMP clients to essentially say “hey, send multicast traffic x.x.x.x to me” IGMP Snooping L2 switch feature that ultimately builds a L2 multicast table to accomplish only sending multicast traffic where it is needed. It works by eavesdropping on (snooping) IGMP reports heard from IGMP clients to associate a switch port with a multicast group. Enabled by default on most Cisco switches. IGMP Query Sent by IGMP/Pim routers to maintain state. Essentially for the router to say “hey, anyone still want this multicast traffic?” Typically IGMP clients will respond with another report to say “yes, still listening, keep sending”

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8 PIM Layer 3 multicast protocol. Works in conjunction with IGMP for various functions. Multicast Source Any ip source sending to a multicast address. It is often misunderstood and assumed that multicast sources are PIM or IGMP aware, which is not the case. Best analogy: initiate a ping from your PC to 239.5.6.7. Your PC is now a multicast source. Simple as that.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9 F0/30 F0/31 PC1PC2 Multicast Source 2.2.2.X /24 Multicast Receiver 2.2.2.X/24 rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip igmp snooping vlan 2 detail Global IGMP Snooping configuration: ------------------------------------------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv3 snooping (minimal) : Enabled Report suppression : Enabled TCN solicit query : Disabled TCN flood query count : 2 Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 2: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip igmp groups vlan 2 IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter Group Accounted 239.255.255.250 Vlan2 00:00:01 00:02:58 2.2.2.5 Ping 234.5.6.7 Not seeing any pings to 234.5.6.7 rtp12-jkeown-sw

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10 F0/30 F0/31 PC1PC2 Multicast Source 2.2.2.X/24 Multicast Receiver 2.2.2.X/24 rtp12-jkeown-sw(config)#no ip igmp snooping rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip igmp snooping vlan 2 Global IGMP Snooping configuration: ------------------------------------------- IGMP snooping : Disabled IGMPv3 snooping : Disabled Report suppression : Disabled TCN solicit query : Disabled TCN flood query count : 2 Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 2: -------- IGMP snooping : Disabled Now I’m seeing pings to 234.5.6.7 Ping 234.5.6.7 rtp12-jkeown-sw

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11 IGMP Report 234.5.6.7 F0/30 F0/31 PC1PC2 Multicast Source Vlan 2 2.2.2.x/24 Multicast Receiver Vlan 3 3.3.3.x/24 Ping 234.5.6.7 rtp12-jkeown-sw(config)#ip multicast-routing rtp12-jkeown-sw(config)#ip pim rp-address 2.2.2.13 rtp12-jkeown-sw(config)#interface range vlan 2 – 3 rtp12-jkeown-sw(config-if-range)#ip pim sparse-mode rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 (*, 234.5.6.7), 02:28:49/stopped, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Sparse, 00:03:27/00:01:36 (2.2.2.6, 234.5.6.7), 02:28:49/00:02:56, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Sparse, 00:03:27/00:01:36 Still seeing pings to 234.5.6.7 rtp12-jkeown-sw

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13 Multicast is not enabled by default on WLC’s. There are two modes, unicast and multicast. Unicast mode—In this mode, the controller unicasts every multicast packet to every access point associated to the controller. This mode is inefficient but might be required on networks that do not support multicast routing. Multicast mode—In this mode, the controller sends multicast packets to a CAPWAP multicast group. This method reduces overhead on the controller processor and shifts the work to the wired network. Unicast mode is simpler to configure (doesn’t require a capwap group address), but is almost never used because of its inefficient functionality.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14 The Multicast Capwap address to be configured needs to be an address that is not actually used by multicast sources or receivers. Think of it as ‘internally used by the controllers and AP’s’. It’s helpful to see this in operation and ‘reverse engineer’ things to explain and understand properly.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 F0/9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip igmp snooping groups vlan 265 Vlan Group Type Version Port List ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 265 239.1.1.115 igmp v2 Fa0/9 rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip mroute 239.1.1.115 (*, 239.1.1.115), 6w6d/00:02:55, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 03:39:12/00:02:36 Vlan20, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 5d22h/00:02:55 (2.2.2.115, 239.1.1.115), 4w3d/00:03:11, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 03:39:13/00:02:36 Vlan20, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 5d22h/00:02:55 239.1.1.115

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 F0/9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip igmp snooping groups vlan 265 Vlan Group Type Version Port List ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 265 239.1.1.115 igmp v2 Fa0/9 rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip mroute 239.1.1.115 (*, 239.1.1.115), 6w6d/00:02:55, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 03:39:12/00:02:36 Vlan20, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 5d22h/00:02:55 (2.2.2.115, 239.1.1.115), 4w3d/00:03:11, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 03:39:13/00:02:36 Vlan20, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 5d22h/00:02:55 rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip igmp snooping groups vlan 4 Vlan Group Type Version Port List ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 234.5.6.7 igmp v2 Fa0/2 rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip mroute 234.5.6.7 (*, 234.5.6.7), 3d05h/stopped, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan4, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:26:56/00:02:24 (3.3.3.7, 234.5.6.7), 00:15:06/00:02:54, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan3, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan4, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:15:06/00:02:24 239.1.1.115 PC1PC2 SSID Jk-mcast3 SSID Jk-mcast4 234.5.6.7 1142-9 234.5.6.7

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 F0/9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 239.1.1.115 3550-A# ! ip multicast-routing ! ip pim rp-address 2.2.2.13 ! interface Vlan20 ip address 20.20.20.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode ! interface Vlan30 ip address 30.30.30.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode rtp12-jkeown-sw# ! ip multicast-routing ! ip pim rp-address 2.2.2.13 ! interface Vlan2 ip address 2.2.2.13 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode ! interface Vlan20 ip address 20.20.20.13 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode 3550-B#sho run int vlan 30 ! ip multicast-routing ! ip pim rp-address 2.2.2.13 ! interface Vlan30 ip address 30.30.30.12 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode ! interface Vlan40 ip address 40.40.40.12 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 F0/9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 239.1.1.115 3550-A#sho ip mroute 239.1.1.115 (*, 239.1.1.115), 00:58:59/00:02:34, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: S Incoming interface: Vlan20, RPF nbr 20.20.20.13 Outgoing interface list: Vlan30, Forward/Sparse, 00:52:44/00:02:34, H (2.2.2.115, 239.1.1.115), 00:52:42/00:03:28, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan20, RPF nbr 20.20.20.13 Outgoing interface list: Vlan30, Forward/Sparse, rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip mroute 239.1.1.115 (*, 239.1.1.115), 2d01h/00:02:55, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: S Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense, Vlan20, Forward/Sparse, 00:48:30/00:02:55 (2.2.2.115, 239.1.1.115), 2d01h/00:03:27, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan2, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan265, Forward/Sparse-Dense Vlan20, Forward/Sparse 3550-B#sho ip mroute 239.1.1.115 (*, 239.1.1.115), 01:01:19/stopped, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Vlan30, RPF nbr 30.30.30.11 Outgoing interface list: Vlan40, Forward/Sparse, 00:55:04/00:02:01, H (2.2.2.115, 239.1.1.115), 00:55:02/00:02:54, flags: JT Incoming interface: Vlan30, RPF nbr 30.30.30.11 Outgoing interface list: Vlan40, Forward/Sparse 2700-11

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 239.1.1.115 PC2 SSID Jk-mcast3 IGMP Rx 234.5.6.7 PC1 SSID Jk-mcast3 234.5.6.7

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 239.1.1.115 3550-A#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 Group 234.5.6.7 not found rtp12-jkeown-sw#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 (*, 234.5.6.7), 00:13:47/stopped, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Sparse, 00:10:43/00:02:26 (3.3.3.15, 234.5.6.7), 00:06:30/00:02:58, flags: PT Incoming interface: Vlan3, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Null 3550-B#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 Group 234.5.6.7 not found PC2 SSID Jk-mcast3 IGMP Rx 234.5.6.7 PC1 SSID Jk-mcast3 234.5.6.7

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24 rtp12-jkeown-sw F0/2 Port1 3550-A 3550-B F0/23 F0/1 Jk-2504-115 WLC 2700-11 F0/11 Mgmt Vlan 2 2.2.2.115 Vlan 2: 2.2.2.13 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.13 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.11 Vlan 20: 20.20.20.11 Vlan 30: 30.30.30.12 Vlan 40: 40.40.40.12 1142-9 Vlan 265: 192.168.165.13 239.1.1.115 3550-A#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 Group 234.5.6.7 not found rtp12-jkeown-sw#show ip mroute 234.5.6.7 (*, 234.5.6.7), 00:13:58/stopped, RP 2.2.2.13, flags: SJC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan4, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:03:45/00:02:51 (3.3.3.15, 234.5.6.7), 00:13:58/00:02:52, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan3, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan4, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:03:45/00:02:51v 3550-B#sho ip mroute 234.5.6.7 Group 234.5.6.7 not found PC2 SSID Jk-mcast4 IGMP Rx 234.5.6.7 PC1 SSID Jk-mcast3 234.5.6.7

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29 So what does IGMP Snooping on the controller actually do? From the config guide: When this feature is enabled, the controller gathers IGMP reports from the clients, processes them, creates unique multicast group IDs (MGIDs) from the IGMP reports after selecting the Layer 3 multicast address and the VLAN number, and sends the IGMP reports to the infrastructure switch The controller then updates the access point MGID table on the access point with the client MAC address The controller always uses Layer 3 MGID for all Layer 3 multicast traffic sent to the access point. For all Layer 2 multicast traffic, it continues to use Layer 2 MGID. When the controller receives multicast traffic for a particular multicast group, it forwards it to all the access points, but only those access points that have active clients listening or subscribed to that multicast group send multicast traffic on that particular WLAN.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30 So what does IGMP Snooping on the controller actually do? With IGMP Snooping disabled, there are no L3 entries. All multicast traffic is sent out of on all SSID’s mapped to the relevant vlan.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31 So what does IGMP Snooping on the controller actually do? With IGMP Snooping enabled, the controller sends IGMP reports with the source address as the interface address on which it received the reports from the clients. The controller then updates the access point MGID table on the access point with the client MAC address. When the controller receives multicast traffic for a particular multicast group, it forwards it to all the access points, but only those access points that have active clients listening or subscribed to that multicast group send multicast traffic on that particular WLAN.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32 To view the MGID’s AP assignment, use the following cli commands: (jk-2106) >show network multicast mgid summary Layer2 MGID Mapping: InterfaceName vlanId MGID -------------------------------- ------ ---- management 0 0 vlan2 2 4 vlan4 4 5 Layer3 MGID Mapping: ------------------- Number of Layer3 MGIDs........................... 3 Group address Vlan MGID --------------- ---- ---- 224.0.0.252 2 557 234.5.6.7 2 556 239.255.255.250 2 555 (jk-2106) >show network multicast mgid detail 556 Mgid........................................ 556 Multicast Group Address..................... 234.5.6.7 Vlan........................................ 2 No of clients............................... 1 Client List................................. Client MAC AP Name Expire Time (mm:ss) Multicast-Status Qos User Priority ----------------- --------------------------------- ------------------- ------------------------- 78:e4:00:b2:ef:da jk-1131-2 0:51 Normal Multicast 0

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 33 Switch/Router Configuration Routers Pim and multicast routing need to be configured on all routers/L3 interfaces that service: multicast clients multicast sources WLC’s AP’s All networks in between Switches Optionally (recommended) Switch IGMP Snooping should be enabled. This is enabled by default on most Cisco switches.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 34 Router Configuration and Verification *Dense mode is the simplest L3 Multicast routing mode to configure. In actual customer networks, this mode is generally not recommended. Typically Sparse mode is used in customer networks, but requires additional configuration and is outside of the scope of this training. Good reference explaining the difference in dense and sparse: Multicast Quick-Start Configuration Guide http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk828/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094821.shtml jk-3560-3#config t Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. jk-3560-3(config)#ip multicast-routing distributed jk-3560-3(config)#interface range vlan 1 - 3 jk-3560-3(config-if-range)#ip pim dense-mode jk-3560-3#sho ip pim interface Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Mode Count Intvl Prior 1.1.1.11 Vlan1 v2/D 0 30 1 1.1.1.11 2.2.2.11 Vlan2 v2/D 0 30 1 2.2.2.11 3.3.3.11 Vlan3 v2/D 0 30 1 3.3.3.11

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 35 Router Configuration and Verification Basic Dense Mode config jk-3560-3#sho run | inc multicast ip multicast-routing distributed interface Vlan1 ip address 1.1.1.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface Vlan2 ip address 2.2.2.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface Vlan3 ip address 3.3.3.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode interface Vlan4 ip address 4.4.4.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim dense-mode

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 36 Router Configuration and Verification Basic Sparse Mode config jk-3560-3#sho run | inc multicast ip multicast-routing distributed Ip pim rp-address 1.1.1.11 interface Vlan1 ip address 1.1.1.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode interface Vlan2 ip address 2.2.2.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode interface Vlan3 ip address 3.3.3.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode interface Vlan4 ip address 4.4.4.11 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-mode

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 37 Router Configuration and Verification jk-3560-3#show ip mroute IP Multicast Routing Table Timers: Uptime/Expires Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode (*, 239.255.255.250), 00:14:29/00:02:13, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Dense, 00:14:29/00:00:00 (*, 239.1.2.3), 01:37:11/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: DC Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Dense, 00:31:02/00:00:00 (1.1.1.111, 239.1.2.3), 01:37:11/00:02:56, flags: T Incoming interface: Vlan1, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Vlan3, Forward/Dense, 00:31:03/00:00:00

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 38 Switch Configuration and Verification *IGMP Snooping is usually enabled by default. The below shows how to enable if formerly disabled. jk-3560-3#config Configuring from terminal, memory, or network [terminal]? Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z. jk-3560-3(config)#ip igmp snooping *IGMP Snooping won’t show up in the running config as it is default: jk-3560-3#sho running-config | inc igmp jk-3560-3#

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 39 Switch Configuration and Verification jk-3560-3#show ip igmp snooping Global IGMP Snooping configuration: ------------------------------------------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv3 snooping (minimal) : Enabled Report suppression : Enabled TCN solicit query : Disabled TCN flood query count : 2 Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 1: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv2 immediate leave : Disabled Multicast router learning mode : pim-dvmrp CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 40 Switch Configuration and Verification jk-3560-3#show ip igmp snooping (continued) Vlan 2: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv2 immediate leave : Disabled Multicast router learning mode : pim-dvmrp CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 3: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv2 immediate leave : Disabled Multicast router learning mode : pim-dvmrp CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 41 Router Configuration and Verification jk-3560-3#show ip igmp interface Vlan1 is up, line protocol is up Internet address is 1.1.1.11/24 IGMP is enabled on interface Current IGMP host version is 2 Current IGMP router version is 2 IGMP query interval is 60 seconds IGMP configured query interval is 60 seconds IGMP querier timeout is 120 seconds IGMP configured querier timeout is 120 seconds IGMP max query response time is 10 seconds Last member query count is 2 Last member query response interval is 1000 ms Inbound IGMP access group is not set IGMP activity: 0 joins, 0 leaves Multicast routing is enabled on interface Multicast TTL threshold is 0 Multicast designated router (DR) is 1.1.1.11 (this system) IGMP querying router is 1.1.1.11 (this system) No multicast groups joined by this system

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 42 Switch Configuration and Verification jk-3560-3#sho ip igmp snooping groups Vlan Group Type Version Port List ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 239.1.2.3 igmp v2 Fa0/3, Fa0/4 3 239.255.255.250 igmp v2 Fa0/23

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 43 From the config guide: Information about VideoStream The IEEE 802.11 wireless multicast delivery mechanism does not provide a reliable way to acknowledge lost or corrupted packets. As a result, if any multicast packet is lost in the air, it is not sent again which may cause an IP multicast stream unviewable. The VideoStream feature makes the IP multicast stream delivery reliable over the air, by converting the multicast frame to a unicast frame over the air. Each VideoStream client acknowledges receiving a video IP multicast stream. What does it actually do? Once configured, specific multicast flow’s destination mac is rewritten as unicast before the AP puts the packets in the air. The L3 information remains the same (application group address).

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 44 Here’s an over the air capture with wireless multicast traffic without videostream. Note that the destination mac address of the packet is multicast, and the packet is not acknowledged.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 45 There’s a bunch of Qos related knobs and other things that are required to configure Videostream. Refer to the config guide for all config steps. For brevity, we’ll take a look at the configs and outputs of interest.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 47 Here’s a wireless capture of the same stream with Videostream enabled. Note that the destination mac is now that of the client (IGMP receiver), and the packet is acknowledged:

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 48 Only applicable if interface groups are in use If a wlan is bound to an interface group, and multicast receivers for a given multicast group on different vlans are associated to the same wlan, copies of the same group packet have to be sent over each bound vlan. The Multicast Vlan feature (configured on Wlan) allows you to specify one multicast vlan over which multicast traffic is sent to APs. Say that we have a wlan mapped to an interface group bound to vlans 1-3. A given AP ends up with 3 multicast receivers on the same wlan, but mapped to vlans 1, 2, & 3. Without a Multicast Vlan configured on the wlan, 3 copies of the packet are sent from the WLC to the AP, and 3 copies are put into the air by the AP. If we specify vlan 1 as the wlan’s ‘Multicast Vlan’, just one copy of the multicast packet is sent to the AP, and in turn, one copy of the packet is put into the air for the wlan’s clients.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 49 To demonstrate, we have a wlan named jkeown-mcast-ig, which is mapped to interface group IG-88 (which is mapped to vlans 3-5).

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 50 With clients connected on vlans 3 and 5, both are sending IGMP reports for 234.5.6.7, and are receiving the traffic. Sniffer traces of the controller’s port show that two copies of the same packet are being sent over the capwap tunnel (note the duplicate sequence numbers):

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 53 Configurable WLC multicast timers: *Both are only applicable if WLC IGMP Snooping is enabled* IGMP Timeout Default value 60 seconds. Amount of time that the wlc will wait to hear an IGMP report for a given MGID before determining that there are no longer interested receivers, and clearing the entry (AP will stop forwarding multicast for the given group) IGMP query interval Default value 20 seconds. With IGMP snooping enabled, the WLC sends periodic IGMP queries to determine if interested wireless receivers are present.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 55 Purpose of this training, Intended Audience Basic Multicast Concepts/Demonstration WLC Multicast Operation WLC Multicast Configuration/Verification Converged Access Configuration Common issues Setting up your own testbed

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 56 Converged Access Configuration Converged Access (NGWC) configuration and behavior is very similar to that of CUWN (Airespace) controllers.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 57 Purpose of this training, Intended Audience Basic Multicast Concepts/Demonstration WLC Multicast Operation WLC Multicast Configuration/Verification Converged Access Configuration Common issues Setting up your own testbed

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 58 Router multicast configuration incomplete Same multicast address in use on multiple WLC’s. Application multicast address same as WLC multicast address Highest Mandatory Data Rate too high for client environment Wireless clients not sending IGMP Reports

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 59 Router multicast configuration incomplete Make sure that multicast routing is enabled on the source, receivers, WLC, and AP’s networks, and all routed networks in between. Verify with: show ip pim int show ip mroute 2) Same multicast address in use on multiple WLC’s. WLC’s in the same mobility group need to have different multicast addresses configured. This is a common source of confusion. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.0/configuration/guide/c70ccfg.html#wp1089006

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 60 Same multicast address in use on multiple WLC’s. WLC’s in the same routed environment need to have different multicast addresses configured. This is a common source of confusion. This misconfiguration will cause multicast traffic being sent to AP by controllers to which they’re not joined, causing unnecessary overhead and potential performance issues. http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.0/configuration/guide/c70ccfg.html#wp1089006

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 61 Application multicast address same as WLC multicast address The function of the WLC’s multicast address is often confused and is assumed to need to be the same as the actual multicast application group address. This causes problems such as sporadic or slow client multicast throughput.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 62 Highest Mandatory Data Rate too high for client environment Lightweight AP’s transmit multicast traffic at the highest mandatory rate. If a client’s connection isn’t good enough to receive traffic at the highest mandatory rate, it will likely be able to receive unicast traffic, but not multicast. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/wireless/controller/7-6/configuration- guide/b_cg76/b_cg76_chapter_01011.html#ID2482

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 65 Wireless client not sending IGMP Reports I’ve had a couple of cases that ended with this being the issue. If the wireless client is a PC of some sort, have the customer install Wireshark and run a trace on the wireless nic (doesn’t have to support promiscuous sniffing). This will confirm whether or not the client is really sending IGMP reports. If WLC IGMP snooping is enabled, wireless clients must send IGMP reports on a periodic basis to reliably receive multicast traffic.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 66 Purpose of this training, Intended Audience Basic Multicast Concepts/Demonstration WLC Multicast Operation WLC Multicast Configuration/ Verification Common issues Setting up your own testbed

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 67 The trickiest part of testing multicast can be finding an IGMP client emulator. Some like to use VLC as it has multicast functionality (and it’s kind of cool that you can stream video to your clients, but requires a bit of effort to set it up). www.videolan.org/vlc

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 68 I prefer to use a simpler utility called mcast.exe. Works fine on wired and wireless clients. It’s kind of hard to consistently find it on the web, so I’ve posted a copy here: http://rtp-filer07a-web/users-j/jkeown/published/Wireless/Utilities/mcast.zip Use is very simple, here’s how: Start the program, selection ‘option’ -> host group: Enter the multicast group to join, click ok, Then ‘join’ on the main page:

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 70 Two issues to be aware of when using mcast.exe with Wireless: 1) If the PC using mcast.exe is dual homed (wired and wireless connection), you'll likely need to configure a static route to assure that the IGMP reports are sent out of the wireless Nic. The trick is that you need to point the route to the wireless Nic's address, not the default gateway. Example: Intend to send IGMP reports for the 224.0.0.3 group via the Wireless Nic: C:\Users\jkeown>ipconfig Windows IP Configuration Wireless LAN adapter Intel 6300: Connection-specific DNS Suffix. : Link-local IPv6 Address..... : fe80::f939:c3a0:805c:259d%31 IPv4 Address........... : 3.3.3.9 Subnet Mask........... : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway......... : 3.3.3.13 C:\Users\jkeown>route add 224.0.0.3 3.3.3.9 C:\Users\jkeown>route print 224.0.0.3 IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 224.0.0.3 255.255.255.255 On-link 3.3.3.9 26 ===========================================================================

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 71 Two issues to be aware of when using mcast.exe with Wireless (continued) 2) Windows 7 uses IGMP V3 by default. This may prevent IGMP reports with mcast.exe to be sent properly. Editing the registry to set the default IGMP version to V2 corrects this issue. Here's how: http://www.embeddedsystemtesting.com/2013/02/how-to-change-igmp-version-igmp-v1v2v3.html 1) Start -> Run -> regedit 2) Go to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE ->SYSTEM->CurrentControlSet->Services->Tcpip->Paramters 3) Right Click -> New-> DWORD Value-> Rename the field as "IGMPVersion" Set the Value according to the table below and reboot the PC. Value "2" -> IGMP Version 1 "3" -> IGMP Version 2 "4" -> IGMP Version 3 ( Default) https://techzone.cisco.com/t5/Unified-Controller-Based-WLC/Using-Mcast-exe-to-simulate-Wireless-Multicast-Receivers/ta-p/721699

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 72 Sending extended pings to multicast addresses is the easiest way to simulate a multicast source. Other traffic generators work as well, and may be needed in some instances. TrafficEmulator.exe works well.

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 73 7.0 Multicast Config Guide http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/wireless/controller/7.0/configuration/guide/c70ccfg.html#wp1088037 Multicast Quick-Start Configuration Guide http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk828/technologies_tech_note09186a0080094821.shtml WLCs and Lightweight Access Points (LAPs) Configuration Example http://www.cisco.com/en/US/tech/tk722/tk809/technologies_configuration_example09186a00807cc10d.shtml

© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 1 © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Jeff Keown Cisco.

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© 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1 1 © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Jeff Keown Cisco.

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