1. A U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science Laboratory Operated by The University of Chicago Argonne National Laboratory Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy PVDIS: E05-007 The Physics: Why we are here Business details

2. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 2 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Collaboration matters/Business Details Spokespersons: Bob Michaels has agreed to join Xiaochao and myself as a co-spokesperson—Thanks! Communication Issues: -Mailing list (perhaps not yet active) - pvdis@jlab.org pvdis@jlab.org -Web site - http://hallaweb.jlab.org/experiment/E05-007/ - Still under construction/not yet in existence - Please e-mail me(reimer@anl.gov)/Xiaochao a copy of your slides.

3. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 3 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Parity Violation Experiments at JLab G0 -Strange quark form factors -3-40 ppm HAPPEX (I, H, 4 He) -Strange quark form factors -1-10 ppm PREX (Pb Parity) -RMS neutron radius -0.51 ppm QWeak -Standard Model sin 2  W -0.3 ppm PV DIS -Standard Model C 2u vs. C 2d, Higher Twist and more! -100-200 ppm—2 orders of magnitude easier! -Allows for a counting expt.

4. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 4 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer PV DIS probes  /Z – quark interaction Total Cross section ee ee  Z 2 +  -Z amplitudes interfere in SM  L +  R ~ PV Asymmetry  q large and well understood Short distance e-Z-q probe SM value known ee  L -  R  L +  R A PV =~ e e  2 ee  Z Look for small new physics  L -  R  L +  R A PV =~ e e  2 ee  e ? eee Z + Thanks to Ray Arnold for graphics

5. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 5 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer PV DIS formalism Standard Model Couplings Parton Distributions 10 -4 Q 2 Start of PV DIS program—with different choices of target ( 1 H, 2 H), x, Y and Q 2 we can explore -The Standard Model -Higher Twist Effects -Parton distributions (CVS and d/u as x!1) C 1i = g e V g i A C 2i = g e A g i V

6. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 6 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Standard Model tests Variation in running of sin 2  W ? Process dependent variation of sin 2  W

7. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 7 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer How does DIS-Parity fit in? ee  Z p n  W Z + ee  e e Z SLAC E158/Møller Purely Leptonic—no quark interactions Complete in 2003 ee  Z Q-Weak (JLab) Coherent quarks in the Proton 2(2C 1u +C 1d ) e  Z Cs 133 Atomic Parity Violation Coherent quarks in entire nucleus Nuclear structure uncertainties -376 C 1u – 422 C 1d PVDIS NuTeV (Fermilab) Isoscaler quark scattering (2C 1u -C 1d )+Y(2C 2u -C 2d ) Quark scattering (from nucleus) Weak charged and neutral current difference Expt. Probe different parts of Lagrangian Thanks to Ray Arnold

8. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 8 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Standard Model tests C 1i ’s are (will be) well determined Slope of PV DIS with Y (kinematic variable) determines 2C 2u -C 2d QWeak (Proton) Atomic PV (CS) Atomic PV (Ti)

9. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 9 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer 2C 2u -C 2d Present data: 2C 2u -C 2d = -0.8 § 0.24 This experiment (phase I, II) will reduce uncertainty to §0.03—factor of 8 improvement Most sensitive to quark compositeness Sample 6GeV PV DIS Prescott PV DIS

10. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 10 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Higher Twist effects Generally not well determined theoretically—Must be explored experimentally. Empirically evident in DIS at Q 2 0.4 Important to understand—also may contribute to NuTeV anomaly at a level we can measure! In A PV, sensitive to diquarks For our experiment: -Not expected to be large at 0.25 < x < 0.30 -2 Q 2 points to measure this effect

11. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 11 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Parton distributions Charge Symmetry Violation Charge symmetry violation— everyone assumes it’s small u p (x) – d n (x)  0 d p (x) – u n (x)  0 Is it?—MRST fit -CSV is only loosely constrained by existing data (  2 space is flat) No CSV u n sea – d p sea =  d p sea d n sea – u p sea =  u p sea u p val = d n val +  f(x) d p val = u n val +  f(x ) Bag model calculation of similar shape and magnitude as  2 min. Bag Model Rodionov, Thomas and Londergan 1994

12. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 12 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Parton distributions Charge Symmetry Violation NuTeV reported a 3  difference from the Standard Model At 90% CL, CSV in the sea will either explain or double the discrepancy!!! PV DIS

13. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 13 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Parton distributions d/u at high-x Theory Exact SU(6): -d/u !1/2 F2n/F2p! 2/3 Diquark S=0 dominance: -d/u ! 0 F2n/F2p! 1/4 pQCD: -d/u ! 3/7F2n/F2p! 1/5 Data Dominated by understanding of nuclear corrections PV DIS on Hydrogen No Nuclear corrections!! Petratos et al. nucl-ex/0010011

14. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 14 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Additional Possibilities with H 2 Asymmetry in  d -2  p -Interpretation does not require knowledge of parton distributions. Ratio of asymmetries: A p /A d -If C 1a ’s are known, measures r(x) ¼ d(x)/u(x) at large x. -Polarization cancels out. Thanks to Peter Bosted

15. Pioneering Science and Technology Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 15 17 February 2005Paul E. Reimer Physics Conclusions PV DIS is technically much less difficult that previous JLab Parity Violation experiments PV DIS probes both parton level questions and the Standard Model (blessing and curse). At 6 GeV we will use PVDIS to -Probe C 2u vs. C 2d -Check HT contributions  L -  R  L +  R A PV =~ e e  2 ee  Z Factor of 8 improvement