1. Developments in gamma spectrometry Alexandria University, Faculty of Engineering Nuclear Engineering Department JINR, Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Department of Neutron Activation Analysis Ashraf KAKA Supervisor: Dr. Marina FRONTASYEVA

2. General considerations in gamma-ray spectrometry 1 Photoelectric absorption 2 Compton scattering 3 Pair production

3. Photoelectric absorption

4. Compton Scattering

5. Pair Production 511 eV

6. Probability of interaction of photon with matter

7. Gamma-ray spectrometer system

8. Preamplifier The pulses produced in the detector are very small and so the charge sensitive preamplifier, usually a field-effect transistor (FET), is mounted as close to the detector as possible

9. Amplifier  The amplifier increases the size of the small signal from the output of the preamplifier to a pulse of amplitude up to about 10 V, dependent on the gain setting  The second purpose of the amplifier is to improve the signal to noise ratio of the given pulses

10. Photo multiplier tube (PMTS)

11. Conclusion The quality of gamma-spectrometers can be improved by using of a small size PMT to increase the efficiency of the detector and to minimize its size

12. Thank you for attention!