1. Thurs 28 th Feb DO NOW: 1. Draw a word square for each of the following words: Level 2 Geography WORD: Rain shadow Sentence using the word The rain shadow is on the eastern side of the mountain ranges in NZ. DefinitionImage - An area that is sheltered from rainfall

2. Skills – pg48 Due: Friday 29 th Feb No essay practice this week. Homework for Week 5:

3. Learning Intention: To be able to describe how different landforms are created Climatic Patterns and Processes

4. How are these natural features created?

5. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

6. Tectonic Processes Earth’s crust covers the globe – even under the ocean.

7. The earth’s crust sits on top of the mantle which is full of hot liquid magma. The magma is heated when close to the core and then cools as it heads towards the surface. As the magma rises it cools and therefore heads towards the surface again. This is process is called convection currents.convection currents.

8. The convection currents move the earth’s crust – and so the continents “float on top of the mantle”.

9. Permian 225 million yrs ago Triassic 200 million yrs ago Cretaceous 65 million yrs ago Jurassic 150 million yrs ago Present Day This enables continental drift

11. Task: 1.Discuss what tectonic processes are so far 2.Re-write it in your own words 3.Draw an annotated diagram of the processes so far

12. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

13. Tectonic plate movement Tectonic plate movement and landforms http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/world_map.html - is a website that show a more detailed version of the plate movements

14. Diverging Plate Movement – when the plates are moving away from each other

15. - The land area of the mid-Atlantic Ridge Thingvellier Fissure Zone Diverging Plate in reality

16. Rift zone – essentially a fissure 3 plates moving away from each other. Some say this could create the next major ocean – in a few million years!

17. Task: 1.Discuss what a diverging plate boundary is and where it occurs 2.Re-write it in your own words 3.Draw an annotated diagram of the processes so far

18. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

19. Converging Plate movements – when the plates are moving towards each other Oceanic meets continental - Oceanic is heavier – so it subducts under the continental plate - creates volcanoes Click here to see how an eruption is made through this process

20. Oceanic meets oceanic - buckles as they push together. The heavier eventually subducts. - Creates volcanoes

21. e Continental meets continental - plates collide and fight to push each other up - Creates mountain ranges

22. Two continents collide Plate boundary through the Himalyas

23. Task: 1.Discuss what a converging plate boundary is and where they occur 2.Re-write it in your own words 3.Draw an annotated diagram of the processes so far

24. Task: Listen to the natural process described so you can re-write it in your own words and provide a labelled diagram.

25. Transform/Lateral movements – when the plates slide past each other (up or sideways) Massive fault lines that move past each other.

26. Task: 1.Discuss what a lateral and transform plate boundaries are and where they occur 2.Re-write it in your own words 3.Draw an annotated diagram of the processes so far

27. Hot spots New Zealand’s hot spot - Auckland

28. So tectonic processes create mountains, volcanoes, fautlines, fissures… What creates flat land?

29. Fluvial Processes TransportationTransportation – when sediment is transported to another place ErosionErosion – when sediment is worn down and away Deposition – when sediment is deposited somewhere http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html Processes to do with rivers Click on the links to take you to animations of these processes

30. Volcanic Processes What do we know about these? -Magma rises with the convection currents through weaknesses in the crust. -Magma sits in a magma chamber. -Magma mixes with water – this creates pressure. When the pressure is too much, the magma rises to the surface of the earth’s crust and explodes – BOOM we have an eruption. Volcanic Landforms – click on the link to see images http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/geol204/volclandforms.htm http://serc.carleton.edu/NAGTWorkshops/visualization/collections/erosion_deposition.html

31. Reflection Have you achieved today’s Learning Intention? Write down any questions that you have from today’s lesson. In your groups, work out the question you can’t answer. Learning Intention: To be able to describe how different landforms are created

32. What are tectonic processes? Answer: Tectonic processes are the processes that move the earth’s crust. They involve convection currents, continental drift, earthquakes, volcanic eruption. Tectonic processes is a theory that suggests that the earth’s crust is divided up into sections and the convections currents cause the tectonic plates to move in different directions, creating different plate boundary movements eg. Diverging, converging, lateral/transform boundaries.

33. Why is the PACIFIC plate subducting in a different direction to other plates eg the NAZCA plate? Answer: Plates move according to the convection currents – so where some move east, others will move north. Around NZ the Pacific plate is moving to the West and subducts under the Australsia plate. However the NAZCA plate moves to the east thus creating a diverging boundary along the NAZCA/PACIFIC intersection. The NAZCA plate then subducts under the SOUTH AMERICAN plate – toward the West – the opposite to the subduction direction of the PACIFIC plate. NAZCA STH AMERICAN PACIFIC

34. Interaction Diagram Relief Climate Vegetation Soil Steep relief means less soil = less vegetation Steep relief = less soil The higher the elevation the colder the climate The colder the climate the less and the smaller the vegetation The more fertile the soil, the better the vegetation The more vegetation, the more soil there is Weather elements erode relief features Just some ideas…

35. - http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/dynamic.html - http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~donovan/geol101/animationindex- mh.htm This site is an absolute must see – the animations are awesome!!!http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~donovan/geol101/animationindex- mh.htm Thanks to the following websites for these images: