2. Textbook and Syllabus Textbook: Syllabus:
Semiconductor Device Physics
Textbook and Syllabus
Textbook:
“Semiconductor Device Fundamentals”, Robert F. Pierret, International Edition, Addison Wesley, 1996.
Syllabus:
Chapter 1: Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Chapter 2: Carrier Modeling
Chapter 3: Carrier Action
Chapter 5: pn Junction Electrostatics
Chapter 6: pn Junction Diode: I–V Characteristics
Chapter 7: pn Junction Diode: Small-Signal Admittance
Chapter 8: pn Junction Diode: Transient Response
Chapter 14: MS Contacts and Schottky Diodes
Chapter 9: Optoelectronic Diodes
Chapter 10: BJT Fundamentals
Chapter 11: BJT Static Characteristics
Chapter 12: BJT Dynamic Response Modeling

3. Grade Policy Grade Policy:
Semiconductor Device Physics
Grade Policy
Grade Policy:
Final Grade = 10% Homework + 20% Quizzes % Midterm Exam + 40% Final Exam Extra Points
Homeworks will be given in fairly regular basis. The average of homework grades contributes 10% of final grade.
Homeworks are to be written on A4 papers, otherwise they will not be graded.
Homeworks must be submitted on time. If you submit late,
< 10 min.  No penalty
10 – 60 min.  –20 points
> 60 min.  –40 points
There will be 3 quizzes. Only the best 2 will be counted. The average of quiz grades contributes 20% of final grade.

4. Grade Policy Grade Policy:
Semiconductor Device Physics
Grade Policy
Heading of Homework Papers (Required)
Grade Policy:
Midterm and final exam schedule will be announced in time.
Make up of quizzes and exams will be held one week after the schedule of the respective quizzes and exams.
The score of a make up quiz or exam can be multiplied by 0.9 (the maximum score for a make up is 90).

5. Grade Policy Grade Policy:
Semiconductor Device Physics
Grade Policy
Grade Policy:
Extra points will be given every time you solve a problem in front of the class. You will earn 1 or 2 points.
Lecture slides can be copied during class session. It also will be available on internet around 3 days after class. Please check the course homepage regularly.

6. What is a Semiconductor?
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
What is a Semiconductor?
Low resistivity  “conductor”
High resistivity  “insulator”
Intermediate resistivity  “semiconductor”
The conductivity (and at the same time the resistivity) of semiconductors lie between that of conductors and insulators.

7. What is a Semiconductor?
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
What is a Semiconductor?
Semiconductors are some of the purest solid materials in existence, because any trace of impurity atoms called “dopants” can change the electrical properties of semiconductors drastically.
Unintentional impurity level: 1 impurity atom per 109 semiconductor atom.
Intentional impurity ranging from 1 per 108 to 1 per 103.
No recognizable
long-range order
Completely ordered
in segments
Entire solid is made up of
atoms in an orderly
three- dimensional array
polycrystalline amorphous crystalline
Most devices fabricated today employ crystalline semiconductors.

8. Semiconductor Materials
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Semiconductor Materials
Elemental: Si, Ge, C
Compound: IV-IV SiC
III-V GaAs, GaN
II-VI CdSe
Alloy: Si1-xGex
AlxGa1-xAs

9. From Hydrogen to Silicon
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
From Hydrogen to Silicon

10. The Silicon Atom 14 electrons occupying the first 3 energy levels:
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
The Silicon Atom
14 electrons occupying the first 3 energy levels:
1s, 2s, 2p orbitals are filled by 10 electrons.
3s, 3p orbitals filled by 4 electrons.
To minimize the overall energy, the 3s and 3p orbitals hybridize to form four tetrahedral 3sp orbital.
Each has one electron and is capable of forming a bond with a neighboring atom.

11. The Si Crystal ° ° a “Diamond Lattice”
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
The Si Crystal
Each Si atom has 4 nearest neighbors.
Atom lattice constant (length of the unit cell side)
a = 5.431A, 1A=10–10m
Each cell contains: 8 corner atoms 6 face atoms 4 interior atoms a
“Diamond Lattice”

12. How Many Silicon Atoms per cm–3?
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
How Many Silicon Atoms per cm–3?
Number of atoms in a unit cell:
4 atoms completely inside cell
Each of the 8 atoms on corners are shared among 8 cells  count as 1 atom inside cell
Each of the 6 atoms on the faces are shared among 2 cells  count as 3 atoms inside cell
Total number inside the cell = = 8
Cell volume = (.543 nm)3 = 1.6 x 10–22 cm3
Density of silicon atom
= (8 atoms) / (cell volume)
= 5 x 1022 atoms/cm3

13. Compound Semiconductors
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Compound Semiconductors
“Zincblende” structure
III-V compound semiconductors: GaAs, GaP, GaN, etc.

14. Crystallographic Notation
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystallographic Notation
Miller Indices
Notation
Interpretation
( h k l )
crystal plane
{ h k l }
equivalent planes
[ h k l ]
crystal direction
< h k l >
equivalent directions
h: inverse x-intercept of plane
k: inverse y-intercept of plane
l: inverse z-intercept of plane
(h, k and l are reduced to 3 integers having the same ratio.)

15. Crystallographic Planes
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystallographic Planes _
(632) plane
(001) plane
(221) plane

16. Crystallographic Planes
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystallographic Planes

17. Crystallographic Planes of Si Wafers
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystallographic Planes of Si Wafers
Silicon wafers are usually cut along a {100} plane with a flat or notch to orient the wafer during integrated-circuit fabrication.
The facing surface is polished and etched yielding mirror-like finish.

18. Crystal Growth Until Device Fabrication
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystal Growth Until Device Fabrication

19. Crystallographic Planes of Si
Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Crystallographic Planes of Si
Unit cell:
View in <111> direction
View in <100> direction
View in <110> direction

20. Greek Alphabet new zz-eye pie taw fie k-eye sigh mew Chapter 1
Semiconductors: A General Introduction
Greek Alphabet
new
zz-eye
pie
taw
fie
k-eye
sigh
mew