1. An electrical utility application of GIS

2. Application of a GIS for managing the assets of a water utility

3. Forestry management GIS

4. Microsoft MapPoint Europe mapping of spreadsheet data of burglary rates in Exeter, England using an adjunct to a standard office software package (Courtesy D. Ashby. © 1988– 2001 Microsoft Corp. and/or its suppliers. All rights reserved. © 2000 Navigation Technologies B.V. and its suppliers. All rights reserved. Selected Road Maps 2000 by AND International Publishers N.V. All rights reserved. © Crown Copyright 2000. All rights reserved. License number 100025500. Additional demographic data courtesy of Experian Limited. © 2004 Experian Limited. All rights reserved.)

5. The classic Rogers model of innovation diffusion applied to GIS

6. The changing use of GIS at different levels of government decision making. “Top-down” edicts from the central government are increasingly supplemented by “bottom-up” initiatives arising from the contributions of local communities.

7. Clark County, Washington, U.S. tax assessment GIS: (A) tax map (B) property attributes, sales history, and assessed market value A B

8. Housing market search using GIS

9. The geodemographic structure of Nottingham, according to the OAC

10. Neighborhood profiling using ancillary data sources to the OAC classification (www.publicprofiler.org)

11. (A) Hierarchical (B) contagious spatial diffusion

12. (A)The format (B) the location of a new Tesco Express store (Courtesy Alex Singleton) A B

13. Use of GIS for school bus routing, showing school pupil home locations and elementary schools to be serviced

14. Systems such as OnStar (www.onstar.com) allow information on the location of an accident, determined by a GPS unit in the vehicle, to be sent to a central office and compared to a GIS database of highways and streets in order to determine the incident location, so that emergency teams can respond. (Large photo © Slobo Mitic/iStockphoto; inset © Vladimir Kondrachov/iStockphoto)

15. Satellite imagery of the 2007 Zaca fire, taken some five weeks after it started on a private ranch. Thick smoke blows nearly due north, and the actively burning areas are outlined in red. The settlements of Goleta and Santa Barbara were threatened by the fire, and plans were put in place to evacuate large parts of the area. (Courtesy NASA)

16. Evacuation vulnerability map of the area of Santa Barbara, California. Colors denote the difficulty of evacuating an area based on the area’s worst-case scenario (Courtesy Tom Cova)

17. Many in-vehicle navigation services now offer dynamic updating of routing information, in the light of real-time traffic updates or subscriber information about road blockages.

18. Growth in the American Midwest under four different urban growth scenarios. Horizontal extent of image is 400 km. (Source: Paul Torrens, 2005 “Simulating sprawl with geographic automata models,” reproduced courtesy of the author)

19. (A) Location of Sibuyan Island in the Philippines, showing location of the National Park and buffer zone (B) typical forested mountain landscape of Sibuyan Island. A B (Courtesy Peter Verberg)

20. Forest area (dark green) in 1999 and at the end of the land-use change simulations (2019) for three different scenarios.

21. Deren Li, GIScientist (Courtesy Deren Li)