1. Shakespeare!!

2. 7 minute write What would it be like to live during Victorian times? To know or be Shakespeare? What would it be like to live during Victorian times? To know or be Shakespeare? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1rT KB6ZF8&feature=fvst http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1rT KB6ZF8&feature=fvst http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1rT KB6ZF8&feature=fvst http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gk1rT KB6ZF8&feature=fvst

3. Who was William Shakespeare? An English playwright and poet An English playwright and poet Lived in the late 1500s and early 1600s Lived in the late 1500s and early 1600s His plays are now performed all over the world in hundreds of languages. His plays are now performed all over the world in hundreds of languages. He is known as one of the greatest writers of all time. He is known as one of the greatest writers of all time.

4. Why is his work so popular? Shakespeare wrote about human nature and how people behave. Shakespeare wrote about human nature and how people behave. Although his words can be hard to understand, his ideas are as relevant now as they were four centuries ago. Although his words can be hard to understand, his ideas are as relevant now as they were four centuries ago.

5. Shakespeare’s Works At least two of his plays have been lost, but 38 survive. At least two of his plays have been lost, but 38 survive. Two of these, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen, were co-written with John Fletcher. Two of these, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen, were co-written with John Fletcher. The other 36 are divided into comedies, tragedies and histories. The other 36 are divided into comedies, tragedies and histories.

6. Shakespeare’s Works No one knows exactly when each of his works was written; there are approximate dates. No one knows exactly when each of his works was written; there are approximate dates. Some experts have even said that “Shakespeare’s” plays are really the work of other writers. Some experts have even said that “Shakespeare’s” plays are really the work of other writers. This may be because some people cannot believe that Shakespeare, who came from an ordinary background, could have written such great works of literature. This may be because some people cannot believe that Shakespeare, who came from an ordinary background, could have written such great works of literature.

7. Performing Shakespeare Whenever a new production of a Shakespeare play is staged, directors, designers and actors think of new interpretations, or ways to understand and present it. Plays can be performed in modern dress, or set in any historical period Directors sometimes cut or change the text of a play. The same scene can be funny, frightening, or exciting, depending on how the stage is set and how the actors say the words.

8. Shakespeare’s Language The way people spoke 400 years ago was different from the way we speak now, and Shakespeare’s language can be hard to understand. The way people spoke 400 years ago was different from the way we speak now, and Shakespeare’s language can be hard to understand. Most editions of his works help by providing notes which explain the meanings of words and phrases. Most editions of his works help by providing notes which explain the meanings of words and phrases.

9. Elizabethan Beliefs Life in Elizabethan England could be cruel and hard. The poor often went hungry, disease was widespread, medical remedies often felt more like tortures, and many women died in childbirth. But through their beliefs, people found ways of making sense of their existence. Life in Elizabethan England could be cruel and hard. The poor often went hungry, disease was widespread, medical remedies often felt more like tortures, and many women died in childbirth. But through their beliefs, people found ways of making sense of their existence.

10. Elizabethan Beliefs Religion Religion People were, in general, much more religious than people today. People were, in general, much more religious than people today. Almost everyone believed in God and expected to go to heaven or hell after death. Almost everyone believed in God and expected to go to heaven or hell after death. At this time, England was a Protestant country – it had broken away from the Catholic Church of Rome. This was part of the European movement called the Reformation, which began with attacks on corruption in the Catholic Church.

11. Elizabethan Beliefs The Chain of Being The Chain of Being A concept inherited from the Middle Ages A concept inherited from the Middle Ages An attempt to give order, or “degree”, to the vastness of creation. An attempt to give order, or “degree”, to the vastness of creation. God created everything in a strict hierarchy, or chain, that stretched from God himself down to the lowest things in existence. God created everything in a strict hierarchy, or chain, that stretched from God himself down to the lowest things in existence. Humans occupied a place in the chain below the angels but above animals, plants and stones. Some humans were higher in the chain than others. Humans occupied a place in the chain below the angels but above animals, plants and stones. Some humans were higher in the chain than others.

12. Elizabethan Beliefs The Chain of Being, cont. The Chain of Being, cont. The monarch was the highest The monarch was the highest Nobles and churchmen below Nobles and churchmen below Gentlemen Gentlemen Commoners Commoners All women were considered to be inferior to men, with the obvious exception of Elizabeth I. All women were considered to be inferior to men, with the obvious exception of Elizabeth I.

13. Elizabethan Beliefs Chain of Being, cont. Chain of Being, cont. Accepting one’s place in the chain was a duty that would be rewarded by God in heaven. Accepting one’s place in the chain was a duty that would be rewarded by God in heaven. Disrupting the chain was thought to lead to chaos, but of course many people still did challenge their position in society. Disrupting the chain was thought to lead to chaos, but of course many people still did challenge their position in society.

14. Elizabethan Beliefs Myths and Magic Myths and Magic Fairies, magic, witches, spells and prophecies all formed part of their view of life. Fairies, magic, witches, spells and prophecies all formed part of their view of life. Folklore and superstition were often as important to people as the official religious beliefs taught by the Church. Folklore and superstition were often as important to people as the official religious beliefs taught by the Church.

15. Elizabethan Beliefs Myths and Magic, cont. Myths and Magic, cont. Many Elizabethans thought that fairies, goblins and sprites came out at night to play tricks on innocent people. Many Elizabethans thought that fairies, goblins and sprites came out at night to play tricks on innocent people. It was believed they could make people go insane, give them terrible nightmares, or even lure them into a devilish underworld. It was believed they could make people go insane, give them terrible nightmares, or even lure them into a devilish underworld.

16. Elizabethan Beliefs Myths and Magic, cont. Myths and Magic, cont. Diseases and disasters were often blamed on witches Diseases and disasters were often blamed on witches Many women who didn’t fit into society were branded as witches and accused of working for the devil. Many women who didn’t fit into society were branded as witches and accused of working for the devil. Astrology – the belief that the position and movement of the stars can foretell and influence events on Earth - was more important than it is today.

17. Elizabethan Beliefs Little and Large Little and Large The human body was thought to be a miniature representation of the universe as a whole – a microcosm. The human body was thought to be a miniature representation of the universe as a whole – a microcosm. Various parts of the body were linked to the planets and signs of the zodiac Various parts of the body were linked to the planets and signs of the zodiac

18. Elizabethan Beliefs Little and Large, cont. Little and Large, cont. The body was thought to contain four “humours” or fluids – black bile, phlegm, blood and choler. The body was thought to contain four “humours” or fluids – black bile, phlegm, blood and choler. A person’s temperament depended on the way the humours were mixed. A person’s temperament depended on the way the humours were mixed. Most people were thought to have one humour that was more dominant than the others. Most people were thought to have one humour that was more dominant than the others. Illnesses and mental disorders were blamed on an imbalance of the humours. Illnesses and mental disorders were blamed on an imbalance of the humours.

19. Elizabethan Theatre Until the mid-16 th century, most plays were performed outside London. Until the mid-16 th century, most plays were performed outside London. Craftsmen or tradespeople put on traditional plays and on village greens Craftsmen or tradespeople put on traditional plays and on village greens As it grew in size and importance, London became the center of English theatre. As it grew in size and importance, London became the center of English theatre. While hugely popular, it was not, at first, considered a very respectable pastime; most of the theatres were in the rougher parts of town. While hugely popular, it was not, at first, considered a very respectable pastime; most of the theatres were in the rougher parts of town.

20. Elizabethan Theatre The first London theatre was called The Theatre, built in 1576. The first London theatre was called The Theatre, built in 1576. The Rose – 1587 The Rose – 1587 The Swan – 1595 The Swan – 1595 All were deliberately built outside the City limits, so they were free from the restrictions of City regulations. All were deliberately built outside the City limits, so they were free from the restrictions of City regulations. Queen Elizabeth I loved the theatre and often held performances of plays at her court. Queen Elizabeth I loved the theatre and often held performances of plays at her court.

21. Elizabethan Theatre In London, plays were put on by theatre companies In London, plays were put on by theatre companies By law, a company had to have a patron – to support it financially. The company was named after its patron. By law, a company had to have a patron – to support it financially. The company was named after its patron. Shakespeare spent much of his career with a company called Chamberlain’s Men. Shakespeare spent much of his career with a company called Chamberlain’s Men.

22. Elizabethan Theatre The audience The audience It was an entertainment for everyone, like movies today. It was an entertainment for everyone, like movies today. The cheapest tickets cost a penny, which most ordinary people could afford. The cheapest tickets cost a penny, which most ordinary people could afford. Because of the crowds, theatres were popular with thieves and pickpockets. Because of the crowds, theatres were popular with thieves and pickpockets. People jeered at the actors and shouted out rude remarks People jeered at the actors and shouted out rude remarks Some even climbed onto the stage and joined in with swordfights. Some even climbed onto the stage and joined in with swordfights. People also brought food with them to eat during the performance, or to throw at bad actors. People also brought food with them to eat during the performance, or to throw at bad actors.

23. Elizabethan Theatre Stagecraft Stagecraft Special effects and scenery did not play a big part in Elizabethan theatre. Special effects and scenery did not play a big part in Elizabethan theatre. Musicians provided sound effects with drums and trumpets. Musicians provided sound effects with drums and trumpets. Actors often wore extravagant, showy costumes. Actors often wore extravagant, showy costumes. Audiences were expected to use their imaginations for different locations and backgrounds. Audiences were expected to use their imaginations for different locations and backgrounds.

24. Elizabethan Theatre Plague and Players Plague and Players Theatre were closed during severe outbreaks of plague – they thought it spread more quickly in crowds Theatre were closed during severe outbreaks of plague – they thought it spread more quickly in crowds Many companies left London for tours of the countryside. Many companies left London for tours of the countryside. Players often had to sell their costumes and scripts in order to survive. Players often had to sell their costumes and scripts in order to survive. Some Puritans believed that plague was sent by God as a punishment for the wickedness of theatre-going. Some Puritans believed that plague was sent by God as a punishment for the wickedness of theatre-going.

25. Elizabethan Theatre Shakespeare’s Players Shakespeare’s Players He is thought to have joined the theatre as an actor and become a writer later. He is thought to have joined the theatre as an actor and become a writer later. It was normal for actors to help write plays or change them a lot during rehearsal. It was normal for actors to help write plays or change them a lot during rehearsal. Actors often specialized in one type of part – tragic hero, clown, etc. There were no actresses. Women’s roles were played by boys. Women did not act on stage until the Restoration. (1660s)

26. The Globe Theatre From 1599 onwards, Shakespeare’s plays were usually performed at the Globe, a huge, open-air, circular theatre. From 1599 onwards, Shakespeare’s plays were usually performed at the Globe, a huge, open-air, circular theatre. It could hold 3000 people, and there were two performances a day. It could hold 3000 people, and there were two performances a day. Along with other members of his theatre company, Chamberlain’s Men, Shakespeare owned a share in the Globe and made a lot of money from it. Along with other members of his theatre company, Chamberlain’s Men, Shakespeare owned a share in the Globe and made a lot of money from it. Shakespeare’s writing may sometimes reflect the design of the theatre. Some of the lines in his plays have three parts, or a word repeated three times. At the Globe, this allowed an actor to address the audience on all three sides of the thrust stage. Shakespeare’s writing may sometimes reflect the design of the theatre. Some of the lines in his plays have three parts, or a word repeated three times. At the Globe, this allowed an actor to address the audience on all three sides of the thrust stage.

28. What kind of plays? During Shakespeare’s career, fashions and tastes in drama changed. During Shakespeare’s career, fashions and tastes in drama changed. He wrote mostly comedies and history plays during the Elizabethan period – 1558-1603 He wrote mostly comedies and history plays during the Elizabethan period – 1558-1603 Tragedies and tragicomedies during the reign of King James – 1603-1625 Tragedies and tragicomedies during the reign of King James – 1603-1625

29. What Kind of Plays? Tragedy Tragedy Ends in the death of one or more of the main characters. Ends in the death of one or more of the main characters. Most of his tragedies involve historical individuals and events Most of his tragedies involve historical individuals and events

30. What Kind of Plays? Comedy Comedy Usually has a happy ending Usually has a happy ending Can also include jokes, farce and innuendo Can also include jokes, farce and innuendo His are usually love stories His are usually love stories Settings are far away from England Settings are far away from England

31. What Kind of Plays? Tragicomedy Tragicomedy A mixture of tragedy and comedy A mixture of tragedy and comedy Seems to move toward a tragic ending but a twist in the plot saves the characters. Seems to move toward a tragic ending but a twist in the plot saves the characters.

32. What Kind of Plays? History plays History plays Usually tell the stories of great leaders and kings Usually tell the stories of great leaders and kings He sometimes altered what he found in the history books to suit his own dramatic purposes and make the plays more exciting. He sometimes altered what he found in the history books to suit his own dramatic purposes and make the plays more exciting.

33. Tragedies Shakespeare’s most famous and popular plays Shakespeare’s most famous and popular plays Romeo and Juliet; Macbeth; Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Julius Caesar Romeo and Juliet; Macbeth; Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; Julius Caesar

34. Tragic Hero Often a man of high rank, such as a king or prince Often a man of high rank, such as a king or prince Creates, or is put into, a difficult situation which he must try to resolve. Creates, or is put into, a difficult situation which he must try to resolve. A combination of bad luck and bad decisions lead to his death. A combination of bad luck and bad decisions lead to his death. Often a relatively sympathetic figure. His soliloquies show his feelings and motives, and show the audience how easy it would be to make similar mistakes.

35. Doom and Destiny Many people believed in fate, or destiny, and in the power of the stars to foretell the future. Many people believed in fate, or destiny, and in the power of the stars to foretell the future. Shakespeare uses the idea of fate or destiny to add excitement and anticipation to the tragedies Shakespeare uses the idea of fate or destiny to add excitement and anticipation to the tragedies Uses a prophecy as a way of holding the audience’s interest, because everyone wants to see if it will be fulfilled. Uses a prophecy as a way of holding the audience’s interest, because everyone wants to see if it will be fulfilled.

36. Tragic Endings Tragedies give a very bleak view of the world. Tragedies give a very bleak view of the world. At the end, the hero, and usually several other characters, are dead, and the survivors are left to start again without them. At the end, the hero, and usually several other characters, are dead, and the survivors are left to start again without them. Although most tragic heroes are partly to blame for their own fates, death can be a very high price to pay for what may have seemed initially like a small failing. Although most tragic heroes are partly to blame for their own fates, death can be a very high price to pay for what may have seemed initially like a small failing. In most tragedies, there is also a feeling that some good may have come out of the terrible suffering. In most tragedies, there is also a feeling that some good may have come out of the terrible suffering. At the end of Romeo and Juliet, because the families’ fighting has partly caused the tragedy, they finally resolve to end their feud. At the end of Romeo and Juliet, because the families’ fighting has partly caused the tragedy, they finally resolve to end their feud.

37. The Roman Tragedies Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus: deal with political power Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus: deal with political power The hero is a state leader who has a responsibility to the people. The hero is a state leader who has a responsibility to the people. Tragedy results when he fails to meet his responsibilities. Tragedy results when he fails to meet his responsibilities. These plays are not just about politics. They are full of personal emotions, dramatic power struggles, and brilliant writing, including some of the most famous writing in Shakespeare’s plays. These plays are not just about politics. They are full of personal emotions, dramatic power struggles, and brilliant writing, including some of the most famous writing in Shakespeare’s plays.

38. The Roman Tragedies Two Themes Two Themes Politics and Power – shows how hard it is to be a political leader. The hero has power, but has a weakness which makes him vulnerable to being attacked or overthrown Politics and Power – shows how hard it is to be a political leader. The hero has power, but has a weakness which makes him vulnerable to being attacked or overthrown Love and Duty – people often have to make difficult choices between their emotions and their responsibilities Love and Duty – people often have to make difficult choices between their emotions and their responsibilities

39. Othello Duke of Venice Duke of Venice Othello: Moor, married to Desdoma Othello: Moor, married to Desdoma Iago: Solider in Othello’s army Iago: Solider in Othello’s army Cassio: Lieutenant in Othello’s army Cassio: Lieutenant in Othello’s army Desdemona: Othello’s wife Desdemona: Othello’s wife Emilia: Iago’s wife Emilia: Iago’s wife Rodreigo: Solider, love Desdemona Rodreigo: Solider, love Desdemona

40. Geography Othello takes place in two countries: Othello takes place in two countries: Venice Cyprus The Republic of Venice existed from 727-1797. The Republic of Venice existed from 727-1797. It is located in present-day Italy.

41. Types of People Venetians Venetians Most are noblemen and women (Brabantio, Desdemona, Roderigo) Also, there are the nobles’ servants (Emilia) Some are soldiers (Othello, Cassio, Iago) Others are part of Venetian government (the Duke)

42. Types of people con’t Moors Moors Black nomadic people of the northern shores of Africa, originally the inhabitants of Mauretania Converted to Islam in the 8 th century

43. HMK Tonight… Tonight… Read Act I and II pages 906-952, answer questions (2-3 sent response) for both acts on page 1012- 1013 Read Act I and II pages 906-952, answer questions (2-3 sent response) for both acts on page 1012- 1013 HMK for 4/23 HMK for 4/23 Read Act III-V pages 952-1012, answer questions (2-3 sent response) for both acts on page 1012- 1013 Read Act III-V pages 952-1012, answer questions (2-3 sent response) for both acts on page 1012- 1013

44. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRJ2z 41K6yg&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA0C85E A5767CDF3F&lf=results_main http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRJ2z 41K6yg&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA0C85E A5767CDF3F&lf=results_main http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRJ2z 41K6yg&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA0C85E A5767CDF3F&lf=results_main http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRJ2z 41K6yg&feature=bf_prev&list=PLA0C85E A5767CDF3F&lf=results_main While watching take down notes on costume, behavior, scenery, people, or beliefs While watching take down notes on costume, behavior, scenery, people, or beliefs Movie Link…