1. Respiratory System

2.  Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide  Regulates water and air temp  Produce vocal sounds  Regulates blood pH level

3. Diaphragm  Large muscle in your chest cavity that contracts and relaxes  Acts like a vacuum, pulls air in and pushes it out

4. Breathing Mechanisms  Inspiration  Process of inhaling and breathing in air  Diaphragm contracts, causing air to flow into lungs

5. Breathing Mechanisms  Expiration  Process of exhaling or breathing out air  Diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out of lungs

6. Organs of Respiratory System  Nose, Nasal Cavity  Pharynx  Larynx  Trachea  Bronchial Tree  Lungs

7. Nose and Nasal Cavity  Hallowed cavity that allows air to enter/leave  Prevents large particles to enter  Composed of bones  Nasal Septum and Nasal Conchae

8. Sinuses  Air-filled space within the facial bones of the skull  Mucous lined, helps reduce weight of the skull and affects quality of voice

9. Pharynx  Aka the throat, passage way for food and for air  Also produces speech sounds

10. Larynx  Enlargement of muscles and cartilage at the top of the trachea.  Conducts air in and out, prevents foreign objects from entering  Also houses vocal cords

11. Larynx

12. Trachea  Windpipe, extends anterior to esophagus toward the bronchi and lungs

13. Bronchial Tree  Branched airways leading from trachea to air sacs in lungs  Lead to Alveolar Ducts and Alveolar Sacs

14. Alveolar  Sac like bulbs at the end of brachial branch  Surrounded by blood capillary networks

15. Gas Diffusion  O2 diffuse out to the capillaries, CO2 diffuse into the alveoli  Flow from High to Low concentrations

16. Factors that Affect Breathing  Emotions and physical activity can alter normal breathing patterns  Hyperventilation: Rapid and deep breathing, lowers blood CO2 levels