1. IPv6 and Its Deployment Dipak Singh ERNET INDIA

2. Agenda Problems with IPv4 What is new in IPv6? What are applications which demand IPv6? Deployment of IPv6 in ERNET.

3. Problems in IPv4 32-bit address space can theoretically provide 4.3 billion unique global addresses. Mapping (NAT), CIDR and Proxy has extended IPv4’s life in conjunction with private IPv4 Addresses No. of IP Addresses allocated to an orgnisation are far less than their actual requirement. Size of Routing Table increases with increase in the IP addresses. Complicated Header

4. IPv4 – Contd. The IPv4 protocol does not provide - Security - end to end communication security Quality of Service (QoS) - special handling for different type of traffic

5. IP Datagram Header VERS HLENTOS TOTAL LENGTH IDENTIFICATION FLAG FRAGMENT OFFSET TTLPROTOCOLCHECKSUM SOURCE ADDRESS DESTINATION ADDRESS OPTIONS (if any) + PADDING 0481619 31

6. Why do we need a new protocol? Uneven distribution of IPv4 addresses in the world. India has less IPv4 Addresses than Hewlett- Packard (HP) and many other US Companies - India= 3,042,202 (3 million) HP= 16,581,375 (16 million) IPv4 Addresses will run out by 2008 to 2012. Applications like Mobile Computing, Auto-configuration and Real Time Audio & Video etc. require end-to-end communications and hence unique IP Addresses for each device.

7. IPv6 – What is New? Expanded Address Space –Address length is now 128 bits. –340 undecillion unique addresses (1 undecillion = 10 36 ) Header format simplification –Simplified header reduces router processing loads Improved Routing –Route aggregration reduces size of routing table Enhanced security and QoS –IPsec is mandated Improved support for mobile IP and mobile computing devices –Plug & Play –Data, Voice, Audio and Video integration is a Reality

8. Restoring an End-to-End Connectivity Internet started with end-to-end connectivity for any applications –Replacing Decnet/SNA gateway Today, NAT and Application-Layer Gateways connect disparate networks Peer to Peer Server-to-client applications mean global address when connected.

9. IPv6 Header Format Traffic ClassFlow Label Vers Payload Length Next Header Hop Limit Source Address Destination Address 0412162431

10. Addressing in IPv6 Address in IPv4 has following format 202.41.97.3/24 One level of hierarchy. Net id and host id The one level of heirarchy has led to explosion of IP addresses in Internet backbone. IPv6 addressing has multi level of hierarchy. Three types of address in IPv6 –Unicast, Multicast, Anycast

11. IPv6 Addressing Unicast –Aggregatable Global –Scooped Address Link Local Site Local Multicast –Identifies a set of interfaces –Multicast is used for Broadcast in IPv6. Anycast –It also refers to a set of interfaces but packet is sent to nearest one

12. Addressing in IPv6 HEX in block of 16 bits representation 2001:0E30:0102:0000:0000:09C0:876A:130B Leading zeros in a field are optional : 2001:E30:102:0:0:9C0:876A:130B Successive fields of 0 represented as ::, but only once in an address : 2031:0:130F::9C0:876A:130B 2031::130F::9C0:876A:130B 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1 => ::1 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 => :: IPv4-compatible address representation 0:0:0:0:0:0:192.168.30.1 = ::192.168.30.1 = ::C0A8:1E01

13. Addressing in IPv6 Global Aggregate Address Link Local Address Site Local Address 001TLANLA 31332 SLA 64 bits Interface ID 1111111010 10 bits 0 54 bits Interface ID 64 bits Public TopologySite Topology Interface Identifier 11111110110Interface IDsubnet ID 10 bits38 bits16 bits 64 bits 16

14. Multicast Address Flags000T3 bits reserved T= 0permanent T= 1transient Scope2link-local 5site-local 8org-local Eglobal 11111111 flags scope Group ID 8 bits44112 bits

15. Broadband Home – A necessity for IPv6 ! Home Networking –At the heart of the digital home sits the Broadband access point distributing a host of enhanced content and services throughout the home

16. Mobile Wireless Networking – an IPv6 Must Unlicensed Band (Wi-Fi Hotspots) Personal mobility, High data rate Licensed Band (GPRS, 3G, DVB-T,…) Full mobility, Modest data rate

17. IPv6 – A Driver for the e- Economy With millions of new devices becoming IP aware, the need for increased addressing and plug & play networking is only met with the implementation of IPv6

18. IPv6 Market Education & Research Networks. Wireless (PDA, 3G Mobile Phone networks, Car,...) Home Networking –Set-top box/Cable/xDSL/Ethernet-to-the-home Enterprise –Requires full IPv6 support on O.S. & Applications Service Providers

19. IPv6 Deployment Many ways to deploy IPv6 services –IPv6 tunnels over IPv4. –Dedicated Data Link layers for native IPv6. –Dual Stack Networks IPv6 over MPLS or IPv4-IPv6 Dual stack routers Service Providers and Enterprise may have different deployment need.

20. IPv6 over WAN Tunnels Manually or automatically configured tunnels. Tunnel source and destination(IPv4) explicitly configured at each node. Both the end nodes have to be dual stacked.

21. Native IPv6 It is like building a new IPv6 network. Will be a costly proposition. No impact on existing IPv4 infrastructure. IPv4 traffic can be separated from IPv6.

22. Dual Stack IPv4-IPv6 Routers and end systems should be dual stacked. May not necessarily apply to the overall infrastructure. Network design must be well planned –Memory and CPU size to handle growth for IPv4 & IPv6.

23. IPv6 over MPLS Many Service Providers have deployed IPv4 MPLS backbone for various reasons. Here IPv6 can be deployed without upgrading MPLS core. The edge routers of MPLS backbone should be dual stacked. Native IPv6 MPLS require full network upgrade.

24. Establishment of IPv6 enabled Test Bed at ERNET To setup IPv6 Test Bed at ERNET Backbone Setup IPv6 Domain Name Server & IPv6 Mail Server at all PoP locations and test Mail Services using IPv6. To Demonstrate following features - Plug ‘n’ Play (Auto-configuration) Multicasting QoS Organizing an IPv6 workshop for participants from academia and industry.

25. Infrastructure Upgradation Hardware & IOS of Routers at 9 PoP locations have been upgraded to support dual stack. A separate IPv6 segment has been created at each 9 POP. A server running Linux has been deployed at each 9 POP exclusively for IPv6 services A separate domain has been created at been created at each POP for IPv6 services.

26. Routing To deploy IPv6, we had following options Tunneling, Native IPv6 and Dual Stack Dual Stack of IPv4 and IPv6 has been deployed over ERNET backbone. IPv4 and IPv6 routing are running simultaneously. For Intra-AS routing, protocol options are RIP, OSPF, IS-IS OSPFv3 for IPv6 was deployed as OSPF for IPv4 was already running.

27. IPv6 Addressing Scheme The following IPv6 prefixes have been assigned to ERNET by APNIC: 2001:0E30::/32 ERNET PoPs are being assigned to /40 prefixes. Based on the above a PoP can further distribute /48 addresses to its customers.(1208925819614629174706176) For example following IPv6 Addresses are proposed to be given for ERNET Delhi PoP users - Delhi University= 2001:0E30:1801::/48 JNU= 2001:0E30:1802::/48 Univ. of Rajasthan= 2001:0E30:1803::/48

28. Backbone IPv6 Addresses 2001:0E30::/40 Delhi Mumbai IISC Pune Kanpur Kolkata Hyderabad VSAT HUB Chennai 2001:0E30::5/126 2001:0E30::102/126 2001:0E30::6/126 2001:0E30::101/126 2001:0E30::18/126 ::21 ::137 2001:0E30::57/126 ::58 ::138 2001:0E30::22/126 ::129 ::130 ::125 ::126 ::178 ::177 ::14 ::13 OSPFv3 Backbone Area 0 IPv6 Enabled ERNET Backbone ::197 ::198

29. Services Deployed IIT Kanpur is acting as Mail Gateway for incoming and outgoing mails from ERNET. It is running on IPv4. The individual Mail Servers at each PoP is forwarding and receiving mails from Mail Gateway at Kanpur on IPv6. All Mail Servers except at Kanpur will have static IPv6. Mail server at Kanpur have both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. The mail transaction among mail servers within will be on IPv6 only. Multicasting across 4 POPs has been tested and it is being tested at remaining POPs.

30. Kanpur IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Delhi IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Chennai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Bangalore IPv6 Mail/DNS Server IPv4 Internet IPv6/v4 dual stack segment IPv4 segment UoH IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Calcutta IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Pune IPv6 Mail/DNS Server Mumbai IPv6 Mail/DNS Server ERNET IPv6 Test Bed

31. Future Plans To run pure IPv6 traffic with GEANT, a Pan- European Network. To deploy IPv6 in Communication Fabric of Grid Computing. To offer Test bed for R & D activity.

32. Thank You