1. Evolution Genetic change in a species over time

2. Charles Darwin 1831- Ship’s doctor, HMS Beagle Travelled around the world observing species and collecting specimens

3. 3 Darwin Left England in 1831 Darwin returned 5 years later in 1836

4. Darwin was influenced by: 1.James Hutton – geologist The same geologic processes have occurred throughout Earth’s history 2. Charles Lyell – geologist Earth’s surface has changed over time, Earth is millions, not thousands of years old 3. Thomas Malthus – economist if unchecked, human population will double every 25 years (the struggle for survival prevents this)

5. 1859 Book: Origin of Species Theory: Natural Selection 1.Overproduction occurs in all species 2.Variations occur in all species 3.Struggle for survival- resources are limited, not all born will survive 4.Survival of the fittest- those best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce.

6. Fitness: ability of an individual to survive and reproduce - central to the process of Evolution - individuals with low fitness either die or produce few offspring

7. Adaptation: Inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chance for survival Adaptations Can Be: Physical - Speed, Camouflage, Claws, Quills, etc. Behavioral - Solitary, Herds, Packs, Activity, etc.

8. Evidence of Evolution 1.Fossils 2.Comparative Embryology 3.Homologous structures 4.Vestigial Organs 5.Biogeography 6.Biochemistry

9. 9 Fossil Record Earth is Billions of Years Old Fossils in different layers of sedimentary rock show evidence of gradual change over time

10. 10 Evidence for Evolution - Comparative Embryology Embryonic Development: similarities indicate a common ancestor

11. 11 Homologous Structures Ex: Forelimbs of mammals have the same bones

12. Vestigial Organs not used by us, used by related species Ex: appendix (koalas need theirs) Ex: Human coccyx (tailbone) Ex: hip bones in snakes

13. 13 Geographic Distribution of Living Species Unrelated animals on different continents have similar adaptations to similar environments. Ex: deer, kangaroo – eat the same food, have same skull and jaw

14. Biochemistry – similar DNA and amino acid sequences indicate a common ancestor

15. 15 Evolution of pesticide resistance in response to selection

16. 16 Key Concept Over time, Natural Selection results In changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. These changes increase a species fitness in its environment