1. What is CD/CM? When writing about literature, ALWAYS prove your point! Use CD/CM to do that.

2. CD CD = Concrete Detail What does concrete mean?

3. Concrete Details INCLUDE Facts Evidence Illustrations Can Touch It Can Point to It Quotations

4. Use quotations and parentheses to give credit to the author. So, Give credit: Using Quotations & Citations Cite your source with last name and page number of the book. Concrete Detail

5. FOR EXAMPLE In The Outsiders, Ponyboy says, I had almost decided that I dreamed the outside world and there was nothing real but baloney sandwiches and the civil war and the old church and the mist in the valley (Hinton 79). …mist in the valley (Hinton 79). Note the punctuation. The period comes after the parenthesis.

6. FOR EXAMPLE In The Outsiders, Ponyboy says, I had almost decided that I dreamed the outside world and there was nothing real but baloney sandwiches and the civil war and the old church and the mist in the valley (Hinton 79). …mist in the valley (Hinton 79). Note the citation. There is NO punctuation inside the parentheses.

7. FOR EXAMPLE In The Outsiders, Ponyboy says, I had almost decided that I dreamed the outside world and there was nothing real but baloney sandwiches and the civil war and the old church and the mist in the valley (Hinton 79). In The Outsiders, Ponyboy says, USE A LEAD-IN to introduce the writer or speaker, followed by a comma.

8. Review CDs need… –A lead in to introduce the writer or speaker. Guy de Maupassant writes, –Quotation marks WITHOUT punctuation Guy de Maupassant writes, She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress, without strength to go to bed, overwhelmed, without fire, without a thought –A Citation. …without a thought (Maupassant 4).

9. CM CM = Commentary

10. Opinion Judgment Argument Guess Slant Assumption YOUR VOICE YOUR IDEAS

11. Commentary Provide your INTERPRETATION using your own VOICE, IDEAS, and OPINIONS.

12. CM Should be interesting Should be insightful DO NOT state the obvious YOU ARE THE INTERPRETOR of the authors message. YOU ARE THE COMMENTATOR

13. CoMmentary This shows that… This means… This proves…

14. Put it all together Guy de Maupassant writes, She sat waiting on a chair in her ball dress, without strength to go to bed, overwhelmed, without fire, without a thought (Maupassant 4). This shows that the protagonist is passive, unwilling to take action in order to change her fate or station in life. –Lead-In, CD (Citation 3). CM