1. Bellwork What rule must be followed when citing sources within the body of a text? A. Once a citation is made within the body of the text, it does not need to be referenced within the bibliography also. B. If the source of information for the body of the text is referenced in the bibliography, a writer does not need to cite it again in the body of the text. C. Any citation made within the body of the text in parentheses must also be referenced in the bibliography. D. Only scientific information needs to be cited within the body of written text.

2. Bellwork What rule must be followed when citing sources within the body of a text? C. Any citation made within the body of the text in parentheses must also be referenced in the bibliography. Why? A citation must be made after any quote, summary, or paraphrase from an outside source, and that citation must match the source listed in the bibliography.

3. Objectives Select the research topic with the highest degree of focus. Differentiate between primary and secondary sources. Evaluate the reliability and credibility of sources for use in research. Evaluate the validity of Web pages as sources of information. Determine which statement presents an opposing view from those stated on a Web page.

4. Announcements Wordsmith practice will be held today and Thursday afternoon at 2:30 in my room. 5 th and 7 th period will report to computer lab #108 on Friday only this week. Optional Open House is this Thursday night, please invite your parents.

5. Different Types of Sources There are two different types of sources What are they?  Primary- evidence from a time period or event; a first hand account or an expression/performance.  Secondary- someone else’s interpretation of a time period or event; a second hand account or analysis of a primary source.

6. What is a Primary Source? Autobiographies Diaries Documents Eyewitness accounts Laws Letters Newspaper articles Speeches Artifacts Oral histories Photographs Film footage Art Music An informational source from the time of an event

7. Why do we use primary sources? It’s hard evidence from the time period, not information that has been passed through the telephone game of telling and retelling history. It’s raw, original, and real.

8. Does a Primary Source have to be the original material? No – it can be in another form, but it can’t be edited or interpreted in any way. For example, A picture of King Tut’s coffin printed in a book or posted on a website can be considered a primary source.

9. Questions to ask yourself when looking at Primary Sources Who wrote (or made) this? How do they know the information they are telling me? When did they write/ make it? Why did they write/ make it? Who did they write/ make it for?

10. What are Secondary Sources? An informational source that analyzes the event. These sources often use several primary sources to compile their information. This is someone else’s interpretation of an event, not a first person account. Examples  Biographies  Encyclopedias  History books  Textbooks  News reports

11. Are Secondary Sources useful? Yes – They provide the necessary background or context to be able to interpret Primary Sources. Wikipedia or your social studies textbook can provide background information about the events leading up to the Trojan War but neither can provide a first hand account unless they feature a primary source within them.

12. Website Validity A seemingly innocent web site related to Dr. Martin Luther King looks innocent enough, but the information on the site itself is definitely not. A student who conducts a search for Martin Luther King in Google will generally find this site in the top five results, claiming it is a "valuable resource for students and teachers." Since research suggests students are most likely to choose results on or near the top of a list of results, many students are likely to click on this site.

13. The site contains inappropriate content.

14. Learning how to read a web address will help you identify its validity. Do you recognize the domain name? The domain name is found after the http:// and www. to the first forward slash /. For example in the URL, mcsk12.net is the domain name. A domain name can sometimes provide clues about the quality of information of a site or tell you what a site is about.mcsk12.net

15. Reading a URL

16. Bellwork Copy the following sentence and the best answer. If anybody wants to succeed in college, _____ must study a great deal. Choose the word or phrase that belongs in the blank. A. they B. we or us C. he or she D. you

17. Bellwork Copy the following sentence and the best answer. If anybody wants to succeed in college, _____ must study a great deal. C. he or she WHY? He or she is the most appropriate pronoun usage to indicate gender neutrality, not they.

18. Bellwork Part 2 Copy the following sentence and the best answer. Which of the following is the correct definition of a secondary source? A.Artifacts, documents, recordings, and photographs retrieved from the time period of the actual historical event. B.An analytical interpretation of historical events by someone who did not have first-hand experience or participate at that time. C.A journal, letters, or a diary from an individual who experienced the historical event first-hand. D.An interview with a person who experienced or participated in the actual historical event.

19. Bellwork Part 2 Copy the following sentence and the best answer. Which of the following is the correct definition of a secondary source? B.An analytical interpretation of historical events by someone who did not have first-hand experience or participate at that time. WHY? An interpretation by anyone without first-hand experience will always be a secondary source.

20. How to Read a Web Address What is the extension in the domain name?.com and.net are examples of extensions. Extensions are an important part of domain names. You probably know quite a few already. Extensions are intended to show the type of establishment that owns and publishes the domain. Here is a list to look for: COMMON EXTENSIONS.edu Educational organization (most US universities).k12 US school site (not all US schools use this).ac Academic institution (outside of US).sch School site (some schools outside of the US use this).com Company (usually.co in the UK).org Any organization.gov Government agency.net Network.mil Military institution New extensions to look for are.biz,.name,.pro,.info. All are used for commercial purposes.

21. Who has published this site and how do we find out? If you are ever unsure about the information on a web page and want to know who owns the site or has published the material, go to www.easywhois.com. www.easywhois.com

22. Enter the URL easyWho? S

23. Who owns it? Stormfront.org

24. The publishers of this site also host the Martin Luther King site. These sites are blocked by an Internet filter at school for good reason.

25. Find the Publisher of a Website Researching web site owner information may not be something you do all the time, but it may be revealing if you are at all concerned about the quality of information on a site and want to know more about it. Another good source for website ownership is an “About Us” link found at the bottom of some webpages.

26. Homework from the weekend Based on the approval of your research question, over the three day weekend, locate two reliable online sources on your research topic. They should be contrasting sources: one would represent your stance and the other would represent the opposing stance of your issue. Product due today: a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary of both articles/webpages WITH the complete URL of the site. You may simply print the articles/webpages and highlight or write them out on notebook paper.

27. Small-group Activity 10-15 minutes  Working in small groups, present your research question, initial arguments, and the information you located from the opposing sources that you will use to support and argue your stance.  Record all feedback from your peers in the small group and summarize the changes/goals you now plan to incorporate.  Return feedback to others as they present their research material. Expectations: a more focused research topic and plan with direct feedback from peers.

28. Homework for Thursday Based on the approval of your research question, continue your research: locate two reliable online sources on your research topic. They should both be supporting sources for your stance on the topic. Product due Thursday: a direct quote, paraphrase, or summary of both sources WITH the complete citation or URL. You may simply print or copy the source material and highlight them if you wish.