1. Daniel E. Frye A GENERAL VIEW OF GATEWAY PLATFORMS Daniel E. Frye Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

2. Daniel E. Frye GATEWAY PLATFORM A deployable system that provides connectivity between submerged vehicles and sensors and people or equipment located at a distance. Navigation information is also provided by the Gateway, when needed.

3. Daniel E. Frye Common Elements of Gateway Platforms Common Elements of Gateway Platforms Above Surface Communications RF transceivers RF antenna GPS receiver Controller Battery Below Surface Communications Acoustic modem Acoustic hydrophone/transducer Acoustic navigation subsystem Controller Battery Platforms and Sensors System controller/data storage Battery Mooring/buoy/vehicular system Deployment system Sensors

4. Daniel E. Frye Existing Gateway Concepts Moored surface buoys Subsurface moorings with occasional surface expressions (Pop-up moorings) Surface drifters (unmoored) Autonomous Underwater Vehicles with surfacing capability Gliders (buoyancy driven AUVs)

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9. A coastal observatory using acoustically-linked sensors and sensor platforms with telemetry gateway moorings.

10. Daniel E. Frye Mini-Buoy (0.75 meter antenna height)

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13. Active mooring as deployed at WHOI Buoy Farm

14. Daniel E. Frye Figure 7. Conceptual drawing showing the winch mooring in surfaced and stowed configurations and the long-term moorings in an unprotected coastal environment.

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18. REMUS docking vehicle

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21. General Gateway Applications Fixed sensor array to operator data link (one way or two way) AUVs or gliders to operator data link and navigation node (one way or two way) Submarine to ship or shore (or remote platform) communications link (one way or two way)

22. Daniel E. Frye PLATFORM AND SENSOR STANDARDS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM CONCEPT PLATFORM AND SENSOR STANDARDS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM CONCEPT Controller/data storage— Programming language Power system— Voltage Current limit Chemistry Mooring/buoy/vehicular systems— Weight Volume Geometry Maximum depth Electro-mechanical interfaces Deployment system — Configuration/size Deployment sequence/procedure Sensors — Controller interface Power system interface Wiring Data format

23. Daniel E. Frye PLATFORM AND SENSOR REQUIREMENTS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM CONCEPT PLATFORM AND SENSOR REQUIREMENTS NEEDED TO DEVELOP A SYSTEM CONCEPT Controller/data storage— Memory capacity Processing power Number of ports Power usage Power system— Power density and delivery limits Storage life Volume Mooring/buoy/vehicular systems— Size Weight Duration Depth Expendable/Re-useable Deployment system — Air-launched Sub-launched Ship-launched Bottom-deployed Size,weight Sensors — Life Type Sampling rate Accuracy

24. Daniel E. Frye Applications/Requirements Matrix Applications 1 (Fixed Sensor to Shore) 2 (AUV to Ship) 3 (Sub to Shore) 4 (AUV to Sub) 5 (Glider to Shore) Requirements Data Rate Range Deployment Method Duration Depth Clandestine Surface/SS/Bott. Size/Weight Sensors