1. Task 5 Cardiovascular System
Sport Btec Level 2.

2. Grading Criteria.
P5 – Describe the structure and function of the cardiovascular system and how it is affected by exercise. M4 – Explain the effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system and how it is affected by exercise. D3 – Analyse the effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system.

3. Structure of the Cardiovascular System.
The Cardiovascular System is made up of three components:
Heart
The Blood Vessels
The Blood
This system is the body’s main delivery and transport system, where blood moves from the heart and delivers oxygen and nutrients to every part of the body. On return removes waste products.

4. The Heart Task: Find a picture of the Heart and label it correctly.
Superior vena cava
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Right atrium
Bicuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Aortic valve
Left ventricle
Tricuspid valve
Inferior vena cava
Right ventricle
Septum

5. Blood Vessels Arteries Veins Capillaries
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have a thick, elastic, muscular wall. They stretch as blood is pumped in and the muscle wall contracts to force blood along.
Non-elastic fibres
Non-elastic fibres
Lumen
Muscle + elastic fibres
Muscle + elastic fibres
Veins have a relatively thinner and less muscular wall than arteries. The blood is under a lower pressure than in the arteries. They carry blood back to the heart.
Non-elastic fibres
Lumen
Muscle + elastic fibres
Capillary walls are one cell thick. Exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occurs across their surface. This is called diffusion.

6. Blood Name Picture Explain Plasma Platelets Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells

7. Lesson 2 – Task 5 Continued
OYY let me know what you think of my rapping?? (You can join in if you want?)

8. Blood Flow around the Body – Pulmonary Circulation.
1. Blood leaves the right side of the heart via the pulmonary artery and goes to the lungs where it is oxygenated.
Lungs
Pulmonary
artery
Pulmonary
vein
2. It then travels back to the left side of the heart via the pulmonary vein.
Heart
Body

9. Blood Flow around the Body - Systemic Circulation
3. The left side of the heart then pumps the oxygenated blood around the rest of the body for use, via the aorta.
Lungs
Vena Cava
4. Once the oxygen has been used, the blood becomes deoxygenated and returns to the right side of the heart via the vena cava.
Aorta
Heart
Body

10. The Pulmonary and Systemic Circulation.
Using the A3 worksheets provided you need to label and describe the pathway of blood.
Use arrows to show the direction of blood flow (Red for oxygenated blood and Blue for deoxygenated).
Describe the pathway of blood both in the Systemic Circulation and Pulmonary Circulation.

11. Extension Activity
If you have any outstanding work to complete then please continue with that, if not complete the extension task set below.
What are the Short & Long-term effects of exercise on the Cardiovascular system?? Research ready for next lesson.

12. Effects of Exercise Short-Term:
Heart Rate increases – this increases due to the demand in our body for oxygen to our working muscles. Therefore we must increase our HR so that out muscles don’t become tired.
Stroke Volume – this is the amount of blood being pumped out of the heart during one beat. As our muscles demand more oxygen the amount of blood pumped out is increased.
Cardiac Output – the HR and SV increase meaning the Cardiac Output increases this is the amount of blood pumped from the left ventricle in 1minute.

13. Effects of Exercise Long-Term:
Recovery Time – as we train and exercise more and more our heart becomes stronger and much more efficient. When we stop/finish exercising our heart rate gradually decreases, the fitter we are the quicker we will recover to our resting HR.
Heart Size – Increases as we train and exercise on a regular basis. If we train close to our Max HR, gradually our Heart will increase in size and strength. This increase will mean an improved Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume.