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(not the Disney Anastasia Version)

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Presentation on theme: "(not the Disney Anastasia Version)"— Presentation transcript:

1 (not the Disney Anastasia Version)
Russian Revolution (not the Disney Anastasia Version)

2 Russia – it’s big

3 Problems with Size of Russia
5000 miles 1/6 of world’s surface Multiple ethnic groups and languages Much of landmass has 6 months of had winter City-states

4 Demographics/Economics c.1900
Population doubled (remember France)? 34m out of 36m were serfs (though emancipated in 1861) Industrializing (around Moscow) but far slower than Western Europe Many farms were huge (often 50 sq. km) Debt issues for government – importing too much

5 Early History Ruled since 1328 by Czars – total autocracy
Ruled from Moscow – isolated, not on sea. Reflects isolation of history - neither Asian nor European Changed with Peter The Great

6 Peter The Great (1682-1725) Wanted to Westernize and modernize
Beard tax Swedish army model Azov Science Built and moved capital to St. Petersburg Kept serfdom

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8 Early trouble Decembrists attempted coup in 1825
Czar Nicholas I clamped down on revolutionaries but ideas gained a foothold Revolutionaries represented a small class (no substantial middle class – remember?)

9 Alexander II (1855 – 1881) Abolished serfdom
Free but no wealth – riots Revolutionaries spur on peasants Alexander assassinated in 1881 Alexander III – ruthless, secret police, seized printing presses (Alexander Ulyanov, Lenin’s brother executed in plot to kill him in 1887)

10 Nicholas II (1894-1917) – The Last Czar
Not very savvy with what ordinary people went through Devoted to family

11 Marxism 1848 – Karl Marx wrote “The Communist Manifesto” – the history of all previous societies. History is the story of class struggle Capitalism exploits Revolution is inevitable

12 Marxism However, Marx did not think revolution would happen in Russia first – why? (Think about the triangles). England/Germany/France Russian was mostly agrarian (with growing industry from 1880s) with a small m/c and poorly educated proletariat and peasantry

13 Russian Marxism Revolutionary change should come through the peasant
Land redistribution Split into two groups

14 Bolsheviks and Menchiviks
Mensheviks Lenin Plekhanov small, disciplined party of professional revolutionaries Build a mass party No cooperation with any other parties Work with sympathetic groups Jump straight from current situation to communism Will have to an interim government led by middle class “majority” “minority”

15 1905 Revolution 1904-5 Russo-Japanese War Humiliating Defeat
Food shortages and high bread prices Jan 22, 1905 – unarmed march to Winter Palace

16 Bloody Sunday Father Gapon
Carried pictures of the Czar, sang patriotic songs Fired upon Several hundred killed

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18 1905 Revolution Unrest, strikes, peasants seized estates
Sailors mutinied on Battleship Potemkin, raising red flag Czar desperate, calls duma (parliament), elections and promises to consult General strike in October First soviets (workers councils) formed by Mensheviks

19 Reforms Duma Count Witte, prime minister Constitution
Moderates brought on board, revolution loses steam

20 Period of Hope 1906 – 1914 Duma meets (although becomes more conservative under Peter Stolypin) Perhaps first step to gradual democracy Need data on improvements

21 1914 - 1917 Wave of patriotism War goes badly after initial successes
1915 – Czar goes to front line and takes charge – now will get blamed personally for defeats He’s incompetent

22 Rasputin Czar left govt under control of unpopular German wife, Alexandria and the monk Rasputin Rasputin slept with most of the court Could fix czar’s son’s hemophilia Murdered in the end of 1916, but faith in govt lost

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24 March (Feb in Russia) 1917 Starvation, bread riots in St. Petersburg, barricades Massive strike Soldiers refused to fire on rioters; they joined them City fell to revolutionaries but this was a disorganized revolt

25 Dual Government Soviet and Duma agree to share power. Soviets told soldiers to come home, Duma wanted to keep fighting New provisional government formed Revolution spread March 16 – Czar Nicholas abdicated throne

26 March – November 1917 Germans sneak Lenin into Russia (on a train, dressed as a woman) Lenin stirs up trouble – “all power to the Soviets”, more strikes, demonstrations July - Kerensky (leader of prov gov) called for one last offensive against the Germans. Failed Lenin urged soldiers to desert “Peace, Bread, Land” Lenin indicted for treason, flees to Finland

27 November (October) Revolution
Gen. Kornilov want to restore order, symbol of anti-Rev July 31 – Kornilov marches on St. Pete. Kerensky panics, arms Bolsheviks. Kornilov loses, Bolsheviks empowered More support for Bolsheviks

28 November 1917 October – Lenin returns Military HQ set up under Trotsky
Nov 7 – Aurora ship fires blank shot to signal start of revolt Winter Palace stormed – not as dramatic as made out to be Bolsheviks in total power, elections held Nov 25 Results not good for Bolsheviks, assembly dissolved in January

29 Staying in Power Got to get out of the war – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk – gave up 1/3 of income, 1/3 farming areas, ½ industry Civil War Trotsky leads Reds to victory vs Whites (Germany, Czech, America, UK, France) War Communism NEP


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