1. Specimen taken from feverish patient what is diagnosis

2. Banana shape P.f gametocytes Vector: female Anopheles mosquito Mode of infection: injection of sporozoite during Anopheles bite. 1.Falcipram gametocyte

4. Plasmodium ring stage

5. 2.Plasmodium ring stage Diagnosis: blood film (thin and thick) Vector: female Anopheles Infective stage: Sporozoite

7. 3.Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnosis: vaginal, urethral smear, occasionally in urine analysis Trophozoite is the infective stage. transmitted sexually.

9. 4. Eggs of Taenia species -T.saginata -T. solium -Echinoccus granulosus

12. 5.Taenia saginata (adult tape) Diagnosis: stool examination for - eggs - gravid segments. Infective stage : cysticercus bovis-in under cooked meat (beef). Adult habitat small intestine

14. 6.Soft tick 1. Relapsing fever (endemic). 2. Tick paralysis

16. 7.Hard tick Rocky mountain spotted fever Q fever Babesiosis

17. Immature egg

18. 8.Adult Fasciola hepatica Diagnosis :egg in -stools examination -duodenal aspirate. Infective stage : encysted metacercaria (on water plants). Habitat : biliary passage in liver.

20. 9-FemaleTrichuris trichiura (whip worm) Diagnosis : egg in stools Infective stage, mode of infection: ingestion of embryonated egg in soil.

21. Scotch tape preparation Clear adhensive tape slide

22. Used in detection of Enterobius vermicularis infection Collect eggs from perianal area Scotch tape preparation Clear adhensive tape slide

24. 10.Enterobius vermicularis egg (Pin worm,Oxyuris worm) Diagnosis: Scotch tape preparation to collect eggs from perianal area and microscopical examination.

26. 11.Schistosoma haematobium egg (Urinary schistosomiasis) Diagnosis: - Urine analysis - Serology in chronic cases. Infective stage :cercaria in water penetrate skin. Pathology : periportal fibrosis. ppf

28. 12. Schistosoma mansoni egg in stools specimen (intestinal schistosomiasis) Other methods of diagnosis : - rectal swab. - rectal snip biopsy. - serology: to detect antibodies in patient serum.

30. 13.Leishmania donovani bodies in smear (skin,B.M,spleen) (amastigotes) Vector : sand fly. Infective stage: promastigote. for diagnosis of leishmaniasis Culture smear amastigotes from (skin,BM, spleen) on NNN media grow and multiply in promastigote form.

32. 14. Fleas Medical importance: - Plague (Yerisinia pestis). - Murine (endemic )Typhus. -Tunga penetrance (chigger`s disease) Jigger`s

34. 15.Echinococcus granulosus adult Dog cestode Dog take infection after eating hydatid cyst (from infected animals). Man get hydatid disease by ingestion of egg from infected dog.

36. 16.Pediculus humanus (head and body lice) Medical importance: - Epidemic typhus - Trench fever - Epidemic relapsing fever - Pediculosis

37. Diagnosis : - nits visible by naked eye, and fluoresce under UV light (wood's lamp for screening).

39. Smaller than pediculus; about 2mm. Infest: pubic hair mainly eye lashes. Transmitted by direct contact with infected person or clothes,it is irritant. No disease transmission 8-Phthirus pubis

41. 17. Trichuris trichiura egg Diagnosis : egg in stools. Infective stage : embryonated egg.

43. 18. Musca demostica Egg—larvae–- pupa--- adult. House fly developmental stage (Life cycle) Medical importance mechanical transmation of virus, bacterial and parasitic diseases.

45. 19. Hydatid cyst in liver * diagnosis can confirmed by: 1 - examination of hydatid fluid after surgical removal. 2 - serology. * Infective stage: ingestion of Echinococcus egg (dog cestod).

47. 20-Taenia (tape worm) T.saginata --cysticercus bovis in beef. T.solium--cysticercus cellulose in pig. Diagnosis ----eggs or gravid segment in stools.

49. 21. Ascaris lumbricoid adult Diagnosis : eggs in stools (sometime adult) Infection : ingestion of embryonated egg. (soil transmitted disease) Habitat : small intestine.

50. 22.Ascaris lumbricoid Diagnosis :eggs in stools Infective stage: embryonated egg.

51. 23. N N N media used in culture of Leishmania bodies (amastigote) to diagnose leishmaniasis (visceral & cutaneous). Amastigotes in smear or aspirate culture promastigotes.

53. 24. Fasciola hepatica egg diagnosis : finding egg by: -stools examination -duodenal aspirate infective stage: encysted metacercaria Adult habitat: biliary passage (liver)

55. 25. Mosquitoe life cycle Egg—larvae–- pupa--- adult. Medical importance. Anopheles : vector of m alaria and f ilaria. Culex : vector of f ilaria and v iruses. Aedes :( v iruses) yellow fever, dengue and rift valley fever.

57. 26. Cyclops Vector for transmission of Madina worm Dracunculus medinesis

59. Diarrheal Stool smear what is organisms, how it can be diagnosed ?

63. 27-

64. Diagnosis - Stool examination daily for three days for cyst or trophozoites. -duodenal aspirate examination, or by string (enterotest)

66. Feature of human intestinal nematodes Adult live in intestinal tract. Female are oviparous, i.e. lay eggs. Humans are host of major intestinal nematodes of medical importance. Most species are spread by fecal pollution of soil. soil transmitted disease

67. larvae (free or in egg) develops to its infective stage in soil. Infection by - swallowing of infective eggs. (A.lumbricoides,T.trichiura, E.vermicularis ) - or penetration of skin by infective larvae (Hook worms, S.stercoralis) Larvae of A.lumbricoid, S.stercoralis and Hookworms (undergo heart to lung migration).

68. filariform larvae is infective stage of S.stercoralis and Hookworm by penetration of skin. Rabditiform larvae is used to describe larvae that hatch from egg in intestine (S.stercoralis ) or in soil in (hook worms).

69. Laboratory confirmation: A.lumbricoid, T.trichiura, and Hookworms is by finding eggs in feces and with S.stercoralis by finding larvae in stool. E.vermicularis by scotch tape from skin around anus. Some time worms of A.lumbricodis and E.vermicularis can be recovered in stool.

70. Feature of intestinal and tissue protozoa: Entamoeba histolytica, G.lamblia are motile organisms that multiply and encyst in intestinal tract. they form cyst which excreted in faces. Invasive strains of E histolytica multiply in intestinal wall. Cryptospordium multiply intracellular in cells. It produces oocysts which are excreted in feces. T.gondii muliply intracelluler in reticuloendothelial cell and cell of brain and other organs of body. T.vaginalis is motile and multiplies in the urogenital tract cyst forms are unknown.

71. Infection is by ingesting cysts (E.histolytica, G.lamblia) or oocyst (Cryptosporidium,T.gondii) in food,water,or from hands contaminated with infected feces. T.gondii can also be transmitted congenitally and by ingesting the parasites in under-cooked meat of intermediate hosts. T.vaginalis is transmitted sexually (no cyst). Humans are important hosts of E. histolytica, G.lamblia and T.vaginalis. Animal are natural definitive hosts of Cryptosporidium and T.gondii.

72. Laboratory confirmation of E.histolytica infection is by finding amoebae or cysts in feces or by detecting antibodies in serum (invasive amoebiasis) Giardiasis diagnosed by finding motile flagellates or cysts in feces or flagellates in duodenal aspirates. Infection with Cryptosporidium is diagnosed by finding oocyst in feces Toxoplasmosis is usually diagnosed serologically. T. vaginalis infection is usually confirmed by detecting flagellates in vaginal or uretheral discharge or urine

74. Pyrexia is not caused by : 1. Fascioliasis 2. Toxoplamosis 3. Oxyuriasis 4. Kala-azar

75. The following parasites cause fever except: 1. Trichinella spiralis 2. Naegleria fowleri 3. Hymenolepis nana 4. Plasmodium vivax.

76. Infection with Giardia lamblia is through: 1. Ingestion of trophozoite stage 2. Ingestion of cyst stage 3. Ingestion of oocyste 4. Ingestion of eggs

77. Parasite causing duodenites is: 1. Giardia lamblia 2. Entamoeba histolytica 3. Toxoplasma 4. Acanthamoeba

78. There is lymphadenopathy in following infection EXCEPT 1. African trypanosomiasis 2. Toxoplasmosis 3. Schitosomiasis 4. Kala-azar

79. Splenomegaly not caused by : 1. Schistosomaiasis 2. Malaria 3. Ascariasis 4. Kala-azar

80. The following diseases occur as zoonoses: 1. Fasciolasis 2. hydatid disease 3. Toxoplasmosis 4. African trypanosomiasis 5. Cryptospordium 6. Plasmodium vivax 7. Leishmania major

81. For treatment of clinical attack of malaria we can use 1. 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine) 2. Pentavalent antimonials 3. 8-aminoquinoline (primaquine) 4. All of above

82. For treatment of clinical relapse of P.vivax we can use 1. 4-aminoquinolines 2. Pentavalent antimonials 3. 8-aminoquinoline 4. All of above

83. Duodenal aspirate is a good specimen for diagnosis of 1. Taeniasis 2. Giardiasis 3. Amoebic dysentery 4. Cysticercosis 5. hydatidosis

84. Diagnosis by duodenal aspirate Strongyloides stercoralis Fasciolasis Cryptospordium pavarum. Giardia lamblia ( enterotest)

85. Regarding Hymenolepis nana 1. Diagnosed by finding eggs in stools 2. Dwarf tapeworm 3. Autoinfection can occur. 4. Cattle act as intermediate host

86. The following parasite is not transmitted by direct contact with infected person autoinfection : 1. Enterobius vermicularis. 2. Trichella spiralis. 3. Hymenolepis nana. 4. Giardia lamblia. 5. Entamoeba histolytica. 6. Scabies (sarcoptes scabiei).

87. Splenomegaly is characteristic feature of one of following parasitic diseases: 1. Taeniasis 2. malaria 3. Scabies 4. Myiasis 5. Oriental sore.

88. Laboratory diagnosis of scabies is best done by 1. Serology 2. Blood examination 3. Skin scraping 4. Rectal biopsy 5. Faecal examination.

89. Skin myiasis is due to invesion of skin by: 1. Sarcoptes scabiei 2. Trematodes cercaria 3. Lice 4. Fly larvae

90. The following correct regarding scabies 1. Transmitted by direct contact with infected person. 2. Caused by mites 3. Affects skin 4. Diagnosed by stools examination

91. the following parasitic infection are water borne diseases except 1. taenia saginata 2. madina worm 3. Primary amoebic meningo- encephalitis (Naegleria fowleri) 4. Schistosoma 5. Cryptospordium.

92. Acanthamoeba species cause 1. Chronic primary meningoencephalitis. 2. Keratitis with blindness. contact lense 3. Granuloma of internal organs and skin. 4. All of above. 5. Non of above.

94. Following diseases transmitted by an arthropod vector: 1. malaria 2. Schistosomiasis 3. cystocercosis 4. Hydatid cyst.