1. Ecosystems Relationships and Populations

2. Biotic Factors ECOSYSTEM Abiotic Factors Biotic and Abiotic Factors (Living and Non-Living)

3. Niche  Part of the environment that an organism uses  ROLE + HABITAT

4. Bay-Breasted Warbler Feeds in the middle part of the tree Yellow-Rumped Warbler Feeds in the lower part of the tree and at the bases of the middle branches Cape May Warbler Feeds at the tips of branches near the top of the tree Spruce tree Warbler Niche

5. Community interactions

6. Competition individuals or species trying to use the same limited resource

7. Competition  competitive exclusion principle – 2 species cannot occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

8. Predator/Prey - +/- -the predator catches the prey - One organism captures and kills another http://inspectorgadget.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/tiger.jpg http://www.wallpaperbase.com/wallpapers/animals/tiger s/tiger_6.jpg

9. Two species living closely together http://sugarmtnfarm.com/blog/uploaded_images/ClownInBubbleAnemone200511-780236.jpg Symbiosis

10. Symbiosis a. Mutualism - +/+ both species benefit

11. Symbiosis b. commensalism - +/0 – one benefits, the other is not helped nor harmed Example – a bird’s nest in a tree OR barnacles on whales

12. Symbiosis c. Parasitism - +/- one species benefits (parasite), one is harmed (host)

13. Ecological Succession – natural progression of an environment 1. primary succession – starting where there is no soil http://www.v-liz.com/galapagos/isabela/puntam~1/lavacac-.jpg

14. 2. secondary succession – where there was a community, but it has been removed

15. Climax Community – last stage of succession, ecosystem has reached equilibrium

16. Important characteristics of populations geographic distribution – the area inhabited by a population density – number of individuals per unit area growth rate – depends on birth rate and death rate

17. low density high density density – number of individuals per unit area

18. Exponential growth  ideal conditions  unlimited resources

19. Growth rate of bacteria some bacteria can divide every 20 minutes first 20 minutes – there will be two bacteria in one hour - there will be 64 bacteria in one day – there would be: 4,720, 000,000,000,000,000,000 or 4.72 x 10 21

21. Logistic growth as resources become limited growth rate slows or stops carrying capacity is reached Carrying Capacity – maximum population size an area can support

22. Number of Yeast Cells Time (hours) Carrying capacity Logistic Growth – S shaped curve, levels off at the Carrying Capacity

23. Limiting factors  nutrient  space  carbon dioxide level  density-dependent – competition, predation, disease, parasitism  density-independent – weather, human activities, seasonal cycles

24. Populations are dependent on Predator/Prey Relationships

25. Age-structure diagram  shows number or percentage at each age