1. Stats Hiroshima's population has been estimated at 350,000; approximately 66,000 died (45,000 that day and 19,000 the next four months) from the explosion and another 70,000 died from radiation within five years. Nagasaki with a population of 270,000, approximately 70,000 people died by the end of the year.

2. Combined totals ending the year 1945… About 140,000 +/- 10,000 (including 20,000 soldiers) were dead by the end of December 1945; 90% of these are thought to have been killed within 2 weeks after the bombing.

3. History1900s.com A survivor described the damage to people: The appearance of people was... well, they all had skin blackened by burns.... They had no hair because their hair was burned, and at a glance you couldn't tell whether you were looking at them from in front or in back.... They held their arms bent [forward] like this... and their skin - not only on their hands, but on their faces and bodies too - hung down.... If there had been only one or two such people... perhaps I would not have had such a strong impression. But wherever I walked I met these people.... Many of them died along the road - I can still picture them in my mind -- like walking ghosts. 6

4. Fujie Urata Matsumoto, a survivor, shares one scene: The pumpkin field in front of the house was blown clean. Nothing was left of the whole thick crop, except that in place of the pumpkins there was a woman's head. I looked at the face to see if I knew her. It was a woman of about forty. She must have been from another part of town -- I had never seen her around here. A gold tooth gleamed in the wide- open mouth. A handful of singed hair hung down from the left temple over her cheek, dangling in her mouth. Her eyelids were drawn up, showing black holes where the eyes had been burned out.... She had probably looked square into the flash and gotten her eyeballs burned. 7

5. Hiroshima On August 6, 1945, the first choice target, Hiroshima, was having clear weather. At 8:15 a.m. (local time), the Enola Gay's door sprang open and dropped "Little Boy." The bomb exploded 1,900 feet above the city and only missed the target, the Aioi Bridge, by approximately 800 feet.

6. Nagasaki At 11:02 a.m., the atomic bomb, "Fat Man," was dropped over Nagasaki. The atomic bomb exploded 1,650 feet above the city.

7. Comparison of the Atomic Bomb between Hiroshima and Nagasaki HiroshimaNagasaki Height of burst point280 +/- 20m500 +/- 25m Area where roof-tiles melted (radius from hypocentre) 600m1,000m Area where granite stone melted (radius from hypocentre) 1,000m1,600m

8. Total death rate and rate on the day of exposure (Hiroshima) Distance from hypocentre (km) Total death rate Death rate on day of exposure 0-0.598.4%90.4% 0.6-1.090.0%59.4% 1.1-1.545.5%19.6% 1.6-2.022.6%11.1% Average 0 - 2056.5%37.0% (surveyed by medical group of Tokyo University)

9. U.S. invasion underestimated From mid-July onwards, Ultra intercepts exposed a huge military buildup on Kyushu. Japanese ground forces exceeded prior estimates by a factor of four. Instead of 3 Japanese field divisions deployed in southern Kyushu to meet the 9 U.S. divisions, there were 10 Imperial Army divisions plus additional brigades. Japanese air forces exceeded prior estimates by a factor of two to four. Instead of 2,500 to 3,000 Japanese aircraft, estimates varied between about 6,000 and 10,000. One intelligence officer commented that the Japanese defenses threatened "to grow to [the] point where we attack on a ratio of one (1) to one (1) which is not the recipe for victory."