1. LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator, USA-NPN Using Nature's Notebook to teach science and climate change

2. Objectives of today’s discussion:  Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in habitats.  Understand the mission and objectives of the USA National Phenology Network.  Understand how to implement an inquiry-based long-term phenology monitoring program that can improve science and climate literacy in students.  Participate in a challenge!

3. Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

5. Nature’s Notebook Photo credit: P. Warren Observing is experiencing Using nature as a guide Phenology, climate, & ecosystems USA National Phenology Network Program planning Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: P. Warren

6. Nature’s Notebook Photo credit: P. Warren Observing is experiencing Using nature as a guide Phenology, climate, & ecosystems USA National Phenology Network Program planning Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: P. Warren

7. Using nature as a guide Tradition and Lore http://www.farmersalmanac.com/full-moon-names/ “Tribes kept track of seasons by giving distinct names to each recurring full moon.” November -Beaver Moon February – Full Worm Moon May – Full Flower Moon Photo credit: B. Powell Photo Credits: Wikimedia Commons unless otherwise notedPhoto credit: L. Barnett September – Harvest Moon

8. Using nature as a guide Jefferson Powell Thoreau

9. Using nature as a guide Garden re-created

10. Using nature as a guide Acer rubrum (red maple); Photo credit: D. Hartel Observing the same individual through the seasons.

11. Using nature as a guide Reproduction Development Activity ANIMAL > Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Flowers Fruits Leaves PLANT Observable life stages Occur at certain times

12. Nature’s Notebook Photo credit: P. Warren Observing is experiencing Using nature as a guide Phenology, climate, & ecosystems USA National Phenology Network Program planning Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: P. Warren

13. phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain

14. Just to be clear… phRenology – a pseudoscience focused on measurements of the human skull and size of the brain phOnology – a branch of linguistics concerned with the organization of sounds in language

15. Phenology & ecosystems What is phenology? The science of the seasons Blooms and buds Hibernation, migration, emergence Easy to observe Photo credit: L. Barnett …it is the study of the timing of recurring plant and animal life- cycle stages, or phenophases, and their relationship to environmental conditions.

16. Phenology & ecosystems Who observes phenology? Scientists Gardeners/Agriculturists Land managers Educators Youth Photo credit: C. Enquist Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: S. Schaffer

17. Weather Day-to-day changes in the Earth’s atmosphere. Phenology and ecosystems -Mark Twain Climate Long-term average of daily weather in a given area. It is about… …time

18. http://alliance.la.asu.edu/maps/AZ_biomes_web.pdf Life Zones

19. Invasions Allergies Pests & Diseases Wildfires Flu season Agriculture Festivals Ecotourism Slide courtesy of S. Mazer

20. USA National Phenology Network 2012. Primack, R. B, Miller-Rushing, A.J 7 day average 61 years 2-3 week average 1999. Bradley, N.L., Leopold, C.A., Ross, J., Huffacker, W. Sandhill crane and geese

21. Nature’s Notebook Photo credit: P. Warren Observing is experiencing Using nature as a guide Phenology & ecosystems USA National Phenology Network Program planning Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: P. Warren

22. Nature’s Notebook for scientists, naturalists, volunteers, land managers, park rangers, and YOU! Photo credit: L. Romano

23. U NDERSTAND HOW SPECIES AND LANDSCAPES ARE RESPONDING TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Primary goal Create a standardized dataset for use in multiple types of research. Mission Make phenology data, models and related information available. Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology. USA National Phenology Network Photo credit: C. Enquist

24. USA National Phenology Network Plant and animal species = 943 total 3205 observers reporting (10,026 total) making 494,331 observations 1 1 As of 04-04-14 11,766 sites

25. USA National Phenology Network Reproduction Development Method Activity ANIMAL > Mammal, Bird, Snake, Insect Active individuals Feeding Male combat Mating Young individuals Dead individuals Individuals at a feeding station Flowers Fruits Leaves Young leaves Leaves Colored leaves Flowers or flower buds Open flowers Ripe fruits Recent seed or fruit drop PLANT PHENOPHASES

26. USA National Phenology Network Leaves Flowers Fruits Gambel Oak

27. USA National Phenology Network Acorn Woodpecker Photo from All About Birds

28. USA National Phenology Network Enter Observations Online

29. You MUST have your account completely set up online first to use the mobile apps!

30. Red maple (Acer rubrum) in 2013 collected via Nature’s Notebook USA National Phenology Network

31. How can a long-term program like Nature’s Notebook be used in an inquiry-based learning environment? 10 minute discussion

32. Nature’s Notebook Photo credit: P. Warren Observing is experiencing Using nature as a guide Phenology & ecosystems USA National Phenology Network Program planning Photo credit: E. Alderson Photo credit: B. Powell Photo credit: P. Warren

33. Program planning Phenology Plant & People Connections Local Ecology & Biodiversity Habitats Climate & Weather Poll question 2…

34. Program planning Phenology English Community Engagement and Civics Math Social Studies Service Learning Art Poll question 3…

35. Life Science Middle School (6-8)High School (9-12) Matter and Energy in Organisms and Ecosystems Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems Growth, Development and Reproductions of Organisms Natural Selection and Evolution Earth and Space Sciences Middle School (6-8)High School (9-12) Earth’s Systems Weather and Climate Human ImpactsHuman Sustainability Next Generation Science Standards and Nature’s Notebook http://www.nextgenscience.org

36. Grade 8 Strand 1Strand 2 Concept 1: Observations, questions, & hypotheses Concept 1: History of science as a human endeavor Concept 2: Scientific testingConcept 2: Nature of scientific knowledge Concept 3: Analysis & conclusions Concept 4: Communications Next Generation Science Standards and Nature’s Notebook http://www.azed.gov/standards-practices/files/2011/09/sciencegrade8.pdf

37. Program planning Develop your own scientific questions to answer, using Nature’s Notebook:  What questions do you have about seasonality in your backyard?  What evidence do we have that there are seasonal changes? Why?  Create a list of observations you’ve made, plan to record them in Nature’s Notebook as regularly as possible for at least a year Based upon inquiry lessons in science.education.nih.gov Photo credit: L. Barnett Photo credit: P. Warren Photo credit: Wikimedia Commons

38. Program planning When are mesquite beans ready for harvest? Volunteer Groups Local Partners

39. Program planning Science questions to answer: 1.Is the monsoon season correlated with the dropping of ripe mesquite beans? 2.When is the best time to harvest mesquite beans to get the most beans per effort? 3.How far into the monsoon season is it safe to collect beans for harvest? Photo credit: P. Guertin Photo credit: P. Warren

40. Program planning Short term (within a year)  Engage participants in collecting observations, year round, on mesquite trees  Develop activities for youth and adults at sites to encourage observations of mesquite trees Medium term (within 3-4 years)  Share data with participants, develop a phenology calendar for the mesquite tree  Encourage participants to recruit others to collect observations Long term (5+ years)  Make general recommendations for safe harvest times GOALS and OUTCOMES

41. Program planning Tucson Phenology Trail Biosphere 2 UA Campus (2 sites) Sam Hughes Neighborhood Rincon Heights Neighborhood Pima Extension Offices (2 sites) Tucson Botanical Garden Tucson Audubon Mason Center Oracle State Park Sweetwater wetlands – Project wet Agua Caliente Park Tortolita Middle School Borton Elementary Environmental Learning Lab Arizona Trail Santa Rita Experimental Range Total of 75 Miles, start to finish 3-10 species tagged at each

42. Photo credit: L. Barnett Design a Long-Term PHENOLOGY PROGRAM What is your science question? What outcomes do you want to achieve? What are the activities you can do? What are the resources you already have? Who would be potential partners? Long-term observations help the USA-NPN and can help local programs!

43. Photo credit: L. Barnett Design a PHENOLOGY PROGRAM What is your science question? What outcomes do you want to achieve? What are the activities you can do? What are the resources you already have? Who would be potential partners? Long-term observations help the USA-NPN and can help local programs!

44. How can a long-term program like Nature’s Notebook be used in an inquiry-based learning environment? Would you change anything you originally discussed? Make any additions? Subtractions?

45. Challenge! 1.Create an account for Nature’s Notebook 2.Think about how you might use phenology and/or Nature’s Notebook tie together concepts in your classroom 3.Cross-collaborate with educators in your region to develop a long-term phenology monitoring program. Utilize both formal and informal organizations.

46. Program planning Resources: Curriculum by audience: www.usanpn.org/education Start a local project: Planning worksheets Ways to connect Shared sites www.usanpn.org/partner/project Phenology Data: Visualization tools Downloadable excel www.usanpn.org/data How can I help you? How to Observe: Handbook Online tutorials for everything Botany 101 guide and Phenophase primer coming soon! www.usanpn.org/nn/guidelines

47. Objectives of this workshop: Define phenology and explain its applicability to understanding changes in habitats. Understand the mission and objectives of the USA National Phenology Network. Understand how to implement an inquiry-based long-term phenology monitoring program that can improve science and climate literacy in students. Participate in a challenge! lorianne@usanpn.org

48. Photo credit: L. Barnett QUESTIONS?

49. Thank you! LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org You’re invited to connect with USA-NPN… Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly) Join the Nature’s Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun! Discover new tools and resources for work or play LoriAnne Barnett lorianne@usanpn.org @loriannebarnett