1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Calculation

3. Pharmaceutical Calculation application of basic mathematical calculations to ensure safe and effective pharmaceutical and medication preparation. Accurate calculation of formulas and conversions are vital.

4. Application of Pharm Calc to Pharmacy Practice Dose calculation Temperature conversion Flow Rates Measurement conversion

5. Application of Pharm Calc to Pharmacy Practice Dilution Solution concentration Ingredient calculation for compounds Prescription quantity calculation

6. Importance of Pharmaceutical Calculation Skills Ensure accuracy Ensure patient safety by providing correct dose May cause harm to patient if not done properly To avoid under-dosing To avoid overdosing

7. Review of Basic Algebraic Functions 1.Addition 2.Subtraction 3.Multiplication 4.Division

8. Addition Component parts  Addends – two numbers that are added  Total – answer to an addition problem - also called sum

9. Addition Addition Symbol: + Total or Sum Symbol: = or ________

10. Subtraction The difference between two numbers Component parts  Difference – the answer to a subtraction problem  Minuend – upper number  Subtrahend – lower number  Ex: 702 - minuend - 512 - subtrahend 190 – difference Symbol : -

11. Multiplication “repeated addition” Component parts  Factors – numbers that are multiplied together  Product – result of multiplication problem Symbol : x

12. Division “separating into parts” Prime number – number whose only factors are one and itself Component parts of division  Dividend – number being divided  Divisor – number that is being used to divide  Quotient – the answer to a division problem Symbol: ÷ or / or

13. Division Expressed in several ways Ex: 100 / 20 = 5 dividenddivisorquotient 100 ÷ 20 = 5 dividend divisor quotient 5 quotient 20100 dividend divisor

14. Practice Problems Mr. Haddad gave you a prescription for Metoprolol 50mg two times daily. Compute the total amount of Metoprolol (in mg) he will consume in 7 days.

15. Solution Metoprolol 50mg x 2 ( times per day) 100 mg per day total Then 100 mg per day x 7 days Answer: 700 mg per week of Metoprolol total

16. Practice problems Pharmacy technician Omar Syed was instructed to repackage 920 milliliters (mls) bottle of wound care solution into 8 bottles. How many milliliters of wound care solution will each bottle contain?

17. Solution Divide the 920 mls solution bottle by 8 bottles 920ml ÷ 8 bottles = 115 mls per bottle answer

18. Arabic and Roman Numerals Arabic numerals – used worldwide Ex: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 Roman numerals – commonly used to denote quantities in pharmacy practice –Also commonly used in writing prescriptions

19. Roman numerals Symbol ss I V X L C D M Equivalent ½ or 0.5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000

20. Roman numerals Note:  When a smaller Roman numeral is placed before a larger Roman numeral, the smaller Roman numeral is subtracted from the larger Roman numeral.  When a smaller Roman numeral is placed after a large one, the value of smaller numeral is added to the larger.  Ex: IX = 9 ( 10 or X minus 1 or I)  Ex:XXII = 22 ( 2 times 10 or XX plus 2 times 1 or II)

21. Practice exercise Convert the following Roman numerals to Arabic numerals: IV = _______ DCV = ______ LXXIII = ______VII = ________ XXXVII= ______MCCCXLII = ______ XCI = _______CDLV = _______