1. TOPIC: Evolution
AIM: Explain the today’s theory of evolution.
Do Now: Sit next to your 6 o’clock partner for the Genetics Review on the next slide.
Take out Selective Breeding ISN.
HW: Study for tomorrow’s genetics test!

2. The R allele represents wrinkled seeds
The R allele represents wrinkled seeds. The r allele represents smooth seeds.
Cross 2 heterozygous parents.
What percentage of the offspring will most likely show the dominant trait?
75%

3. The illustration traces the development of the corgi dog over several generations as a result of human activity. Identify the technique being used. Selective Breeding Hybridization

4. One way to produce large numbers of genetically identical offspring is by
cloning.
fertilization.
changing genes by agents such as radiation or chemicals.
inserting a DNA segment into a different DNA molecule.

5. Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria
Many diabetics are now using insulin that was made by certain bacteria. The ability of these bacteria to produce insulin was most likely the result of
deleting many DNA segments from bacterial DNA
genetic mapping of bacterial DNA to activate the gene for insulin production
inserting a portion of human DNA into the ring-shaped DNA of bacteria
using radiation to trigger mutations

6. Review:
Explain the theory of Natural Selection.
Explain what Darwin meant by the term overproduction.
Explain what organisms compete for and what the result of competition is.
Explain what Darwin says about variation.
Describe ‘Survival of the Fittest.’
Describe speciation.

7. Sources of genetic variation in a species
Mutations (changes in DNA)
Sexual Reproduction
Genetic engineering
Selective breeding
Sources of genetic variation in a species

8. Migration: moving into or out of an area

9. Rate of Evolution

10. 1.Gradualism

11. Evolution occurs SLOWLY & CONTINUOUSLY through time

12. 2. Punctuated Equilibrium

13. Sudden changes in a species after long period of no change

15. Ex: Many bacteria have evolved resistant to certain antibiotic

17. Punctuated Equilibrium Today
Penicillin has been in use since It originally came from the fungus Penicillium.
1947: Species of bacteria that cause pneumonia and other infections already had developed resistance to the drug.
By the 1990s, several disease-producing bacteria had become resistant to penicillin and many other antibiotics.

18. When penicillin was used to kill bacteria, those with the penicillin-resistant variation survived, reproduced, and passed this trait to their offspring.
Over a period of time, this bacteria population became penicillin-resistant.

20. *BOTH THEORIES SEEMED TO HAVE OCCURRED DURING EARTH’S HISTORY*

21. Those that reproduce at a very fast rate
Ex: bacteria, insects
Which organisms have evolved quickly?

22. What can cause extinction?
Very little variation in a species
major environmental change
adaptation no longer favorable
all organisms die = extinction

23. Which population of organisms would be in greatest danger of becoming extinct?
A population of organisms having few variations living in a unchanging environment.
A population of organisms having few variations living in an changing environment.
A population of organisms having many variations living in a unchanging environment.
A population of organisms having many variations living in an changing environment.

24. Let’s summarize…
Explain the two theories about the rate of evolution.
Identify some sources of variation.
What will cause a species to become extinct?

25. Which population of organisms would be in greatest danger of becoming extinct?
A population of organisms having few variations living in a unchanging environment.
A population of organisms having few variations living in an changing environment.
A population of organisms having many variations living in a unchanging environment.
A population of organisms having many variations living in an changing environment.

26. Which statement could best be inferred from the information in this diagram?
(1) Evolution does not involve gradual change. (2) Evolutionary changes can result in extinction. (3) Evolution begins with plants. (4) Evolution produces organisms that all fill the same niche.

27. Which statement about the rates of evolution for different species is in agreement with the theory of evolution?
(1) They are identical, since the species live on the same planet.
(2) They are identical, since each species is at risk of becoming extinct.
(3) They are different, since each species has different adaptations that function within a changing environment.
(4) They are different, since each species has access to unlimited  resources within its environment.

28. Which concept is not a part of the theory of evolution?
(1) Present-day species developed from earlier species.
(2) Some species die out when environmental changes occur.
(3) Complex organisms develop from simple organisms over time.
(4) Change occurs according to the needs of an individual organism to survive.

29. Fossil records indicate that between 80 and 60 million years ago the structure of the horned dinosaur underwent rapid changes separated by long periods of stability. This pattern of change best illustrates the concept of
use and disuse
(2) punctuated equilibrium
(3) gradualism
(4) enzyme specificity

30. A key concept in the modern theory of evolution explains
(1) how new organs arise according to the needs of an organism (2) how variations occur within a species (3) the continued increase in the human population (4) the presence of asexual reproduction within a species

31. Some scientists suggest that the extinction of dinosaurs resulted from sudden global weather changes caused by the impact of an asteroid on Earth. This event most likely promoted the evolution of new species of animals. These ideas best support the concept of
(1) punctuated equilibrium (2) use and disuse (3) gradualism (4) geographic isolation

34. Identify the common ancestor.
Identify the species that have become extinct. Why did these species become extinct?