1. Aseri Baleilevuka OCEANS & ISLANDS PROGRAM SOPAC-SPC Benthic Habitat Mapping Lifuka Island

2. What is habitat mapping? A habitat map is basically a map of the different features of the ocean floor. Marine habitat mapping is the synthesis of physical and biological data necessary delineate the distribution and extent of marine biota and their habitats. Marine habitat maps helps us recognise the importance of marine habitats as sources of beach sediments. Purpose for the Lifuka project: 1.To use as base maps to determine the composition of the island sediment system. 2.Adds to the foundation of essential baseline information that can inform the development and design of appropriate adaptation options for Lifuka.

3. Habitat Mapping Process Field Data Collection and Analysis 1.Ground truthing - field data collection (Drop camera videos & subsurface photographs) 2.Control point survey 3.Videos & Snorkeling Photos analysis 4.Satellite image data processing Benthic Habitat Mapping Production 1.Expert knowledge, Manual delineation 2.Unsupervised classification (ArcGIS v9.3)

4. Ground truthing: Drop camera videos SeaViewer under water video camera camera Video surface console Still photo

5. Ground truthing: Snorkel photos UQ-BRSG camera Drybag containing GPS Position of photos determined by synchronizing GPS & photo time using GPicSync software Resulting kml file

6. Reference Image Points survey To minimize mis-registration between field data and image, control points are measured using Trimble R8 system.

7. Videos & Snorkeling Photos Analysis Screenshots of drop camera videos taken (change in habitat/every 30s). Classification scheme developed. Used to label each snorkelling photo and video screenshot with a mapping category. Lat and long for each photo is noted. 33 videos – 310 photos snorkel - 303 photos 607 photos Local knowledge csv file of photo log opened in QGIS and saved as shapefile output Lifuka fishermen interpret habitats

8. Photo classification examples Seagrass Live coral Rubble Algae

9. Satellite Image processing Multi-spectral high resolution World View 2 imagery (50cm x 50cm pixels) acquired on 10 June 2011. Reduced from 64 to 24 bit for processing Global Mapper software used for adjusting contrast and geometrically correcting raster image. Image rectified with reference points from Trimble R8 Output: TO_Lifuka_WV2_10JUN2011_24bit_adjusted_contrast_rectified.tif

10. Habitat map production The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) habitat classification scheme is used – based on 3 attributes: geographic “zones”, geomorphological structure and biological cover.

11. Habitat Map of Zone Types Manually delineated using NOAA‘s description of zones Digitized in ArcGIS v9.3 at a scale of 1:2,500

12. Habitat Map of Structure Types Manually delineated using NOAA’s description of structure types Digitized in ArcGIS v9.3 at a scale of 1:5,000

13. Mapping of Biological cover Unsupervised classification in ArcGIS v9.3 Island and area of no data masked Iso Cluster tool used to create 20 spectral classes Maximum likelihood tool to perform EQUAL priori classification on image using signature file produced above

14. Habitat Map of Biological cover classes produced used to inform and direct definitions of biological cover as described by the NOAA classification. Videos and snorkelling photographs as guide, categories defined. Digitized in ArcGIS v9.3 at a scale of 1:2,500

15. Other methods and softwares tested Training shapefile of 200 polygons (digitized in ArcGIS v9.3) Segmentation using Berkeley Image Segmentation software in conjunction with WEKA data mining software (Open source) NOAA’s Habitat Digitizer Extension to ArcView Supervised classification in ArcGIS v9.3

16. Acknowledgements Habitat mapping project conducted by the whole Marine Survey team (Ocean & Islands Program, SOPAC - SPC) NOAA’s Centre for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA) The University of Queensland (Biophysical Remote Sensing Group)

17. Poster Map