1. From GATT to WTO GATT 1947 –ITO failed WTO 1995

2. Most Favored Nation Treatment Article I General Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment 1. With respect to customs duties and charges of any kind imposed on or in connection with importation or exportation or imposed on the international transfer of payments for imports or exports, and with respect to the method of levying such duties and charges, and with respect to all rules and formalities in connection with importation and exportation, and with respect to all matters referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 of Article III, any advantage, favour, privilege or immunity granted by any contracting party to any product originating in or destined for any other country shall be accorded immediately and unconditionally to the like product originating in or destined for the territories of all other contracting parties.

3. Coverage http://www.wto.org/english/info_e/site_e.ht mhttp://www.wto.org/english/info_e/site_e.ht m GATS TRIPS

4. Trade Barriers Tariffs and Customs Non-tariff Trade Barriers

5. WTO and China 1948 GATT goes into effect (China is a contracting party) 1950 China withdraws from GATT 1982 Observer Status 1986 China intents to join GATT 1989 Application suspended 1994 Uruguay round (China is a signatory.) 1999 U.S. –China agreement on China’s accession 2001 Membership (Reference: Karen Kalverson, China’s WTO Accession: Economic, Legal and Political Implications)

6. Concession and Accession Market access in goods Market access in services Agriculture Subsidies Transparency-related commitments Non-market economy treatment in anti-dumping cases Discriminatory safeguard rule (Reference: Karen Kalverson, China’s WTO Accession: Economic, Legal and Political Implications)

7. Antidumping Luoyang case 347 F. Supp. 2d 1326 –Chevron test –Statutory background –Normal Value Surrogate values Whether welfare and labor costs should be included in the valuation

8. Luoyang Case Tapered Roller Bearings