1. Chapter 4, section 5 Alexander and the Hellenistic Kingdoms

2. Greeks thought Macedonians were barbaroi Greeks thought Macedonians were barbaroiMacedonians 359 BC – Philip II became king; wanted to unite Greeks under him; Athenians fought & were crushed 359 BC – Philip II became king; wanted to unite Greeks under him; Athenians fought & were crushed Insisted Greeks form a Insisted Greeks form a league and cooperate with league and cooperate with him in a war against Persia; him in a war against Persia; died before it could happen; died before it could happen; son took over son took over Philip II →→→

3. ALEXANDER THE GREAT ALEXANDER THE GREAT wanted to fulfill father’s dream; wanted to fulfill father’s dream; groomed in military tactic groomed in military tactic Up-hill battle against Persia Up-hill battle against Persia 334 BC – entered Asia Minor & won 334 BC – entered Asia Minor & won 332 BC – freed Syria, Palestine, and Egypt 332 BC – freed Syria, Palestine, and Egypt 331 BC – freed areas around Babylon & rest of empire 331 BC – freed areas around Babylon & rest of empire 326 BC – entered India; soldiers refused to go any farther 326 BC – entered India; soldiers refused to go any farther 323 BC – while planning more campaigns in Babylon, died (32 years old) 323 BC – while planning more campaigns in Babylon, died (32 years old)

4. Why was he so successful? Why was he so successful? 1) great military leader – knew strategy, tactics, terrain fighting, different opponents 1) great military leader – knew strategy, tactics, terrain fighting, different opponents 2) brave – even reckless; imitated Achilles & was not afraid to risk his own life 2) brave – even reckless; imitated Achilles & was not afraid to risk his own life Spread Greek culture to SW Asia & near east; Greeks also took on Eastern traditions Spread Greek culture to SW Asia & near east; Greeks also took on Eastern traditions Successors tried to imitate him, but had to use ideals of divine rule and monarchy Successors tried to imitate him, but had to use ideals of divine rule and monarchy

5. Hellenistic Kingdoms Hellenistic Kingdoms Means “to imitate Greeks” Means “to imitate Greeks” Huge kingdom separated into four: Huge kingdom separated into four: Macedonia Macedonia Syria Syria Pergamum Pergamum Egypt Egypt Alexander wanted to blend cultures, but new rulers favored Greeks & Macs Alexander wanted to blend cultures, but new rulers favored Greeks & Macs Did continue his legacy of setting up new cities Did continue his legacy of setting up new cities

6. Hellenistic Culture Hellenistic Culture Alexandria, Egypt was a cultural hub Alexandria, Egypt was a cultural hub 500,000 scrolls in the library 500,000 scrolls in the library Argonautica, story of Jason and his Argonautica, story of Jason and his search for the Golden Fleece search for the Golden Fleece Aristarchus – theory that the sun is Aristarchus – theory that the sun is at the center of the universe (not at the center of the universe (not widely accepted) widely accepted) Eratosthenes – Earth was round Eratosthenes – Earth was round Euclid – textbook on geometry Euclid – textbook on geometry Archimedes – geometry, pi Archimedes – geometry, pi “Give me a lever and a place to “Give me a lever and a place to stand on and I will move the world.” stand on and I will move the world.”

7. Philosophy remained a large part of Greek culture Philosophy remained a large part of Greek culture Epicureanism – founded by Epicurius Epicureanism – founded by Epicurius Happiness is the goal of life; please was in reference to freedom from emotional turmoil and worry Happiness is the goal of life; please was in reference to freedom from emotional turmoil and worry Must free oneself from public activity (must keep ideal friendship) Must free oneself from public activity (must keep ideal friendship) Stoicism – founded by Zeno Stoicism – founded by Zeno Happiness achieved when you live in harmony with the will of God; could bear anything Happiness achieved when you live in harmony with the will of God; could bear anything Public service was noble Public service was noble

8. Works Cited http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/al exanders-father---phillip-ii http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/al exanders-father---phillip-ii http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/al exanders-father---phillip-ii http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/al exanders-father---phillip-ii http://www.nndb.com/people/028/000091 752/ http://www.nndb.com/people/028/000091 752/ http://www.nndb.com/people/028/000091 752/ http://www.nndb.com/people/028/000091 752/ http://www.datehookup.com/Thread- 222034.htm http://www.datehookup.com/Thread- 222034.htm http://www.datehookup.com/Thread- 222034.htm http://www.datehookup.com/Thread- 222034.htm http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/h/hellenistic.html http://www.artlex.com/ArtLex/h/hellenistic.html