1. Extraction and characterization
Hazelnut shell lignin
Extraction
and
characterization
Ïu Azogue Coll
2nd PhD in Chemical Engineering

2. Summary Introduction about lignin Research objectives
Results and conclusions about investigation

3. What is lignin? Vegetable material
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
LIGNIN
Water removal from sugars to create aromatic structures
Functions
Strength of wood

4. Where we can find?
Lignin is an integral part of the secondary cell walls (not all cells)
The most abundant organic material on earth after cellulose
Most quantities of lignin
Hard parts of plants (Fruit shells, trunk)
Organic material from ground

5. Composition and structure
Complex three-dimensional structure
Quantity increase through plant life
Intracellular growth
Natural lignin composition and structure are unknown
Factors which affect composition
Plant species
Part of plant

6. Composition and structure
Three principal monomers
p-coumaryl alcohol
Coniferyl alcohol
Sinapyl alcohol

7. Natural and industrial sources
Natural sources
All vegetable material
Industrial sources
Pulping industry
Millions of tones are “produced” in paper industry

8. Production Paper production
Cellulose from vegetable material
Lignin is strongly linked to cellulose
Industrial pulping allow cellulose and lignin separation
Pulp: To produce paper
Black liquor: Non-cellulose components (Lignin)

9. Lignin: State of art Nowadays lignin is used as:
Binder
Dispersant
Emulsifer
Sequestrant
Many researches are looking for new viable applications
EUROLIGNIN. European project to study lignin properties, characterization, uses...

10. Research objectives Obtain optimal extraction conditions
Extractor agent
Temperature
Time
Characterization
Functional groups
Applications
Chelating agent

11. Extraction methods. Pulping
Pulping process reproduced in laboratory:
Extractor agent (Soda, ethanol...)
Black liquor is separated by centrifugation
Acid-precipitation of lignin from black liquor
Lignin centrifugation and washing

12. Fiber + Extractor agent solution
Lignin precipitation with acid
Liquid phase
Centrifuge
Autoclave
Wet lignin
Black liquor
Centrifuge
Dryer
Delignificated fiber
Dry lignin

13. Characterization Principal polymer characteristic: Methods:
Conformation
Configuration
FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Methods:
Potentiometric
Spectroscopic

14. Potentiometric method
Lignin titration
Obtaining of potentiometric curve
Observe equivalent point
Calculate functional group quantity

15. Spectroscopic method Different techniques
Fourier Transform Infrared
Ultraviolet
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Analyzing the spectra diagrams:
Functional groups
Comparison between different lignins

16. Applications Chelating agent Complexation curves
Toxic metals complexation
Pb, Cr...
Metal micronutrients complexation
Ni, Mg, Fe, Zn...
Complexation curves
Highest absorption
Study optimal conditions pH
Temperature

17. Results and conclusions
Hazelnut lignin extraction depends mainly of soda concentration in present conditions
Potentiometric titration require much experimentation time but can be a good characterization method

18. That’s all! Thank you very much for your attention
If you want to ask questions about presentation this is the moment (short moment I hope...)

19. Potentiometric curve

20. Functional groups Hydroxyl group Carboxylic group
Phenolic hydroxyl group

21. Lignin extraction