1. Acids and Bases

2. What makes an Acid HCl HF H 2 SO 4 HNO 3 HCH 3 COO H 3 PO 4

3. What makes a Base NaOH KOH Ca(OH) 2

4. Homework Choose 3 of the acids – How do they make them? Choose NaOH or KOH – How do they make it? Due Wednesday…

5. Special Case of Double Replacement Reaction HCl + NaOH

6. Indicators A pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound that is added in small amounts to a solution so that the pH (acidity or basicity) of the solution can be determined visually. Phenolpthalein pH paper Litmus paper

7. IndicatorLow pH color Transition pH range High pH color Gentian violetGentian violet (Methyl violet 10B)Methyl violet 10B yellow0.0–2.0blue-violet Leucomalachite greenLeucomalachite green (first transition) yellow0.0–2.0green Leucomalachite greenLeucomalachite green (second transition) green11.6–14colorless Thymol blueThymol blue (first transition)red1.2–2.8yellow Thymol blue (second transition)yellow8.0–9.6blue Methyl yellowred2.9–4.0yellow Bromophenol blueyellow3.0–4.6purple Congo redblue-violet3.0–5.0red Methyl orangered3.1–4.4orange Bromocresol greenyellow3.8–5.4blue Methyl redred4.4–6.2yellow Methyl redred4.5–5.2green Azolitminred4.5–8.3blue

8. Bromocresol purpleyellow5.2–6.8purple Bromothymol blueyellow6.0–7.6blue Phenol redyellow6.4–8.0red Neutral redred6.8–8.0yellow Naphtholphthalein colorless to reddish 7.3–8.7 greenish to blue Cresol Redyellow7.2–8.8 reddish- purple Phenolphthaleincolorless8.3–10.0fuchsia Thymolphthaleincolorless9.3–10.5blue Alizarine Yellow Ryellow10.2–12.0red

11. Disclaimer Aloha I put together these power points for use in my science classes. You may use them in your classes. Some images are public domain, some are used under the fair-use provisions of the copyright law, some are mine. Copyright is retained by the owners! Ted Brattstrom