1. Vital signs

2. Types Temperature Pulse Respirations Blood pressure (Degree of pain)

3. Other signs Color of skin Size of pupils Pupil reaction to light Level of consciousness Response to stimuli

4. Temperature (balance between heat lost and heat produced by the body)

5. Variations Individual differences in bodily processes (heart rate, metabolism, etc.) Eating, drinking, smoking (15 minutes prior) Time of day (lower in am, higher in pm and after activity) Body site (where temp is taken)

6. Body sites Oral (most common)

7. Ear

8. Armpit

9. Forehead/Temple

10. Rectal (children/hypothermia patients) Most accurate

11. Variations by site OralTemporal/RectalEar/Armpit Average Temp98.699.697.6 Normal Range97.6-99.698.6-100.696.6-98.6

12. Types of thermometers

13. Pulse (rate, rhythm, volume of heart beat)

14. Measuring pulse

15. Resting heart rates

18. EKG

19. Understanding EKG http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hea lth- topics/topics/hb/understanding.html

20. Apical pulse (stethoscope at apex of heart)

22. Respirations (breathing rate)

23. Number of breaths per minute Adults: 12-20 Children: 16-30 Infants: 30-50

24. Blood pressure (force exerted by blood on artery walls)

25. Sphygmomanometer

26. 2 measurements 1.Systolic – left ventricle is contracting and pushing blood into the arteries 2.Diastolic – between contractions when left ventricle is at rest

27. SystolicDiastolic Normal<120and<80 Normal range100-120and60-80 Prehypertension120-139or80-89 Hypertension Stage 1140-159or90-99 Stage 2>160or>100

28. Degree of pain