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Cindy Bednar, R.N. Director of Licensing Programs

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Presentation on theme: "Cindy Bednar, R.N. Director of Licensing Programs"— Presentation transcript:

1 Reading Between the Rules: The New Medical Error Reporting and Patient Safety Requirements
Cindy Bednar, R.N. Director of Licensing Programs Health Facility Licensing & Compliance Division

2 The Case for Patient Safety
Patient safety is a critical component of QUALITY Health care is NOT as safe as it should be The Institute of Medicine estimates that between 44,000 and 98,000 Americans die as a result of preventable errors People do not come to work with the intent to hurt patients We must change the culture – stop punishing people for making mistakes

3 The Case for Patient Safety
“People make errors, which lead to accidents. Accidents lead to deaths. The standard solution is to blame the people involved. If we find out who made the errors and punish them, we solve the problem, right? Wrong. The problem is seldom the fault of an individual; it is the fault of the system. Change the people without changing the system and the problems will continue.” Don Norman Apple Fellow

4 1 2 3 4 Objectives Summarize the key components of HB 1614.
Identify the minimum regulatory requirements for a patient safety program. 2 Describe the process for reporting medical errors and best practices to TDH. 3 Summarize the TDH process for evaluating compliance with the medical error and patient safety regulations. 4

5 House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session
“An Act relating to the reporting of medical errors and the establishment of a patient safety program in hospitals, ambulatory surgical centers and mental hospitals.”

6 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session Promotes public accountability through detection of statewide trends in the occurrence of certain medical errors by: Requires reporting of errors Provides the public with access to statewide summaries of the reports Requires that facilities implement risk-reduction strategies Encourages sharing of best practices and safety measures that are effective in improving patient safety

7 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session Amends the Health and Safety Code Chapter 241: Hospitals Chapter 243: Ambulatory Surgical Centers Chapter 577: Private Mental Hospitals and other Mental Health Facilities Assigns specific responsibilities to TDH Prescribes requirements for facilities regarding analysis of certain events and the reporting of events and best practices Includes strong confidentiality provisions

8 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session TDH Responsibilities Develop & administer Patient Safety Program Compile & make available to the public a summary of reported events Summary can only contain aggregate data Summary information may not identify specific facilities, groups of facilities, individuals or specific reported events or circumstances Hospitals will be grouped as: 49 beds or less to 399 beds to 99 beds beds or more - 100 to 199 beds ASCs and psychiatric hospitals will each be in single distinct groups

9 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session TDH Responsibilities Review best practices reports Compile a summary of effective best practices reports to be made available to the public Summary information may not identify specific facilities, groups of facilities, individuals or specific reported events or circumstances Hospitals will be grouped as: 49 beds or less to 399 beds - 50 to 99 beds beds or more - 100 to 199 beds ASCs and psychiatric hospitals will each be in single distinct groups

10 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session TDH Responsibilities Evaluate the program & report back to the Legislature no later than December 1, 2006, addressing: The ability to detect statewide trends based on the types and numbers of events reported The degree to which the event summaries were accessed by the public The effectiveness of the department’s best practices summaries in improving patient care The impact of national studies on the effectiveness of state or federal systems of reporting medical errors Legislation automatically expires on September 1, 2007, unless lawmakers vote to continue it

11 78th Legislative Session
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session Facility Responsibilities Conduct a root cause analysis of specific events when they occur and develop an action plan which identifies strategies to reduce the risk of similar events in the future. Submit an annual report to the department that lists the numbers of specific occurrences that have occurred at the facility in the preceding year Submit to the department at least one best practice and safety measure related to a reported occurrence

12 JULY 2004 REPORTING REQUIREMENT EFFECTIVE WITH LICENSE RENEWALS
House Bill 1614 78th Legislative Session REPORTING REQUIREMENT EFFECTIVE WITH JULY 2004 LICENSE RENEWALS

13 The Patient Safety Rules
Requirements are the same for: Hospitals ASCs Private Psychiatric Hospitals Exception: The specific occurrences which must be reported

14 The Patient Safety Rules
Definitions Adverse Event: An event that results in unintended harm to the patient by an act of commission or omission rather that by the underlying disease or condition of the patient. Patient Safety: Achieving a New Standard of Care, Institute of Medicine, 2004

15 The Patient Safety Rules
Definitions Medical Error: The failure of a planned action to be completed as intended, the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim, or the failure of an unplanned action that should have been completed, that results in an adverse event. Patient Safety: Achieving a New Standard of Care, Institute of Medicine, 2004

16 The Patient Safety Rules
Definitions Reportable Event: A medical error or adverse event or occurrence which the hospital is required to report to the department...

17 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements Effective, ongoing, and organization-wide Must reflect the complexity of the hospitals organization and services Must focus on the prevention and reduction of medical errors and adverse events Must be in writing, and approved by the governing body

18 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements The safety program shall include: The definition of medical errors, adverse events and reportable events The process for the internal reporting of medical errors, adverse events and reportable events A list of events and occurrences which staff are required to report internally

19 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements The safety program shall include: The time frames for the internal reporting of medical errors, adverse events and reportable events. The consequences for failing to report events in accordance with hospital policy. The mechanisms for the preservation and collection event data

20 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements The safety program shall include: The process for conducting root cause analysis. Root Cause Analysis: An interdisciplinary review process for identifying the basic or contributing causal factors that underlie a variation in performance associated with an adverse event or reportable event ... It focuses primarily on systems and processes, includes an analysis of underlying cause and effect, progresses from special causes in clinical processes to common causes in organizational processes, and identifies potential improvements in processes or systems.

21 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements The safety program shall include: The process for communicating action plans. Action Plan: A written document that includes specific measures to correct identified problems or areas of concern; identifies strategies for implementing system improvements; and includes outcome measures to indicate the effectiveness of system improvements in reducing, controlling or eliminating identified problem areas. The process for feedback to staff regarding the root cause analysis and action plan.

22 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements Patient safety education and training must be provided to all staff who have any responsibilities related to the implementation, development, supervision or evaluation of the Patient Safety Program. The training program must cover all of the elements previously outlined describing the required components

23 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements An individual or individuals must be designated to be responsible for the Patient Safety Program. Can be one person or several persons Responsibility can be rotated Person may have other duties (part-time patient safety coordinator) May be an interdisciplinary group Qualified by training and/or experience in patient safety

24 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements The responsibilities of the individual or group designated to manage the PSP include: Coordinating all patient safety activities Ensuring the appropriate response to all reported events Monitoring the root cause analysis and action plan to ensure they are completed appropriately and within the designated time frames Working with other hospital departments to ensure integration of the patient safety activities

25 The Patient Safety Rules
Patient Safety Program Requirements Within 45 days of becoming aware of the occurrence of one of the specified reportable events, the facility must: Complete a root cause analysis Develop an action plan which includes strategies to reduce the risk of similar events in the future

26 The Patient Safety Rules
Reporting Requirements Annually, at the time the facility renews their license (or on the anniversary of the licensing date), the following information must be be submitted: The number of occurrences of each of the specified events during the preceding year At least one report of best practices and safety measures related to one of the reported events

27 Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs a medication error resulting in a patient’s unanticipated death or major permanent loss of bodily function in circumstances unrelated to the natural course of the illness or underlying condition of the patient

28 Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs the suicide of a patient in a setting in which the patient received care 24 hours a day

29 Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs the sexual assault of a patient during treatment or while the patient was on the premises

30 Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs a hemolytic transfusion reaction in a patient resulting from the administration of blood or blood products with major blood group incompatibilities

31 Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers Private Psychiatric Hospitals & CSUs a patient death or serious disability associated with the use or function of a device designed for patient care that is used or functions other than as intended

32 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers a surgical procedure on the wrong patient or on the wrong body part of a patient

33 Ambulatory Surgical Centers
The Reportable Events Hospitals Ambulatory Surgical Centers a foreign object accidentally left in a patient during a procedure

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35 a perinatal death unrelated to a congenital condition in an infant
The Reportable Events Hospitals a perinatal death unrelated to a congenital condition in an infant with a birth weight greater that 2,500 grams

36 The Reportable Events the abduction of a newborn infant patient from
Hospitals the abduction of a newborn infant patient from the hospital or the discharge of a newborn infant patient from the hospital into the custody of an individual in circumstances in which the hospital knew, or in the exercise of ordinary care should have known, that the individual did not have legal custody of the infant

37 The Reporting Process Individual occurrences are not reported
Facility reports include only aggregate numbers of events for the previous year RCAs should not be sent to the department

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44 Examples...

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48 Example of Best Practices Report...
What was the category of reportable occurrence that resulted in this best practice report? A surgical procedure on the wrong patient or on the wrong body part of the patient 2. Describe a best practice safety measure that was initiated as a result of the occurrence. Include an explanation of how you have evaluated the effectiveness of the best practice and how it has improved patient safety. Facility consent forms were revised to facilitate providing the required information on the: a. Site of the procedure, b. Laterality of the procedure, c. Name of the procedure, and d. Reason for the procedure. This is to ensure that the patient understands where the surgeon intends to operate, as well as what procedure is to be performed and why. To improve safety, it gives the patient or their representative the opportunity to identify a mistake at a time that is removed from when the surgery is imminent when there may be many distractions that prevent attention to what is on the consent form.

49 Example of Best Practices Report...
Facility policy was expanded to specifying exactly how physicians or other privileged providers are to mark operative sites and document that the marking process has been completed: the standard practice will be to use an appropriate marking pen and to mark the site with the physician’s initials. The site needs to be marked so that it is unambiguous; for example, for surgery on a finger, the finger is to be marked rather than the palm or back of the hand. Whenever possible the mark needs to be placed so that it will be visible in the operative field after of the site is prepared and draped. Only ink that will withstand pre-surgical preparation of the operative site will be used. Marking the site makes clear where the surgery is to be performed. Having the surgeon or other designated member of the surgical team mark the site will help ensure that the mark is put at the correct site. Although patients need to corroborate the site as the surgeon marks it, patients are not to mark the site. (3) Policy explicitly requires that the non-operative sites must not be marked, unless required for another aspect of care. When non-operative sites are marked, these marks may cause confusion and have the opposite of the intended effect. For example, “X” may signify “operate here” to one person and “don’t operate here” to another.

50 Example of Best Practices Report...
(4) The patient must be asked by staff to verbally state (not confirm): (a) the patient’s name, (b) full social security number or birth date, and (c) the location on the patient’s body at which the patient understands the procedure will take place. These responses must be checked by staff against the completed consent form, marked site, and patient identification band, as applicable. This must occur in the immediate pre-operating room (OR) environment, for example in the hallway adjacent to the OR, etc., but not in the patient’s room. In general, this needs to be done prior to sedation of the patient, but this may not be possible in some cases. Whenever possible in cases where the patient cannot act on their own behalf, the individual who provided informed consent needs to be asked to state the name of the patient and the site to be operated on. For emergencies these procedures need to be applied to the extent possible. .

51 Example of Best Practices Report...
Asking the patient to state rather than confirm their name helps prevent miscommunication and wrong-patient procedures. Patients who are hard-of-hearing or distracted by illness or other temporary or permanent disability may say “yes” to a name that is not theirs, but it is very unlikely that they will misstate their name and birth date or social security number when asked. Asking the patient to state where the patient expects to be operated on is a final check prior to the provision of anesthesia, after which the patient will likely be unable to intervene on his or her own behalf. Verifying the information physically and temporally close to the place and time of the procedure helps prevent wrong patient procedures. Verifying the information in the patient’s room would be less effective in reducing the vulnerability to an adverse outcome.

52 Example of Best Practices Report...
(5) The OR team will verify their agreement as to the intended surgery prior to the start of the procedure. The standard method of a “time out” will be required, during which a designated member of the OR team states the name of the patient, the procedure to be performed, the location of the site (including laterality if applicable), and the specifications of the implant to be used (if applicable). After the statement, other members of the team verbally state that they concur with this information before the procedure begins. At minimum, this process must include the surgeon, the circulating nurse, and the anesthesia provider. Successful completion of this process must be documented. This makes sure everyone “is on the same page.”

53 Example of Best Practices Report...
Prior to the implementation of these revised policies, the facility had experienced 4 cases of incorrect site surgeries during the previous 6 month period. Upon implementation of the new policies and training of staff, the patient safety coordinator reviewed 100% of patient records for a 6 week period, and observed the practical implementation of the required steps in the operating room suites over a 3 month period. Infrequent deviations from the "time out" policy were initially observed and staff were immediately reminded to complete this step. Six months following implementation of the new procedures, the facility had identified no new occurrences of wrong site surgery.

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56 Examples of Best Practices Reports...
Other examples of well known best practices and safety measures are related to medication safety, including such actions as: Computerized physician order entry Electronic Medication Administration Record and patient bar-coding systems Development of standard prescribing protocols Strict limitations on the use of abbreviations Strict limitations on the use of verbal orders Standardized procedures regarding verbal/telephone orders, including: Identity verification Receiver writing out the complete order, repeating the order as it is being written Receiver ensuring all required components of the order are included Receiver reading the order back in its entirety Receiver spelling out sound alike drugs

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59 The Reporting Process This report must be submitted at the time of license renewal, or the anniversary of the licensing date. Please enter the total number of each of the following events that have occurred at your facility within the previous 12-month period. The total number of reported occurrences must include data from all locations under this license number, including any multiple location sites or outpatient clinics. This information will be completely de-identified, and the reports will be destroyed after the information is reviewed and compiled. Reports should be placed in an envelope stamped "CONFIDENTIAL" and mailed to: Cindy Bednar, Director of Licensing Programs, Health Facility Licensing and Compliance Division, Texas Department of Health, W. 49th Street, Austin, Texas,

60 Texas Department of Health, 1100 W. 49th Street, Austin, Texas, 78756.
The Reporting Process This report may be submitted at any time during the year. Each facility will be requested to provide a minimum of one best practice report at the time of license renewal, or the anniversary of the licensing date, if one has not been submitted in the previous 12-month period. Only one best practice report is required; however, additional reports may be submitted. If the facility has no occurrences to report, then no best practice report is required. Please do not include any information that could identify individuals involved. The following information is the minimum required, although facilities are encouraged to provide additional information within their individual comfort levels, particularly related to contributing causal factors that may prove helpful to other facilities in improving patient safety. Additional pages may be included at the facility's discretion but are not required. Copies of best practice reports submitted to a recognized patient safety organization may be submitted in lieu of this form. This information will be completely de-identified, and the reports will be destroyed after the information is reviewed and compiled. Reports should be placed in an envelope stamped "CONFIDENTIAL" and mailed to: Cindy Bednar, Director of Licensing Programs, Health Facility Licensing and Compliance Division, Texas Department of Health, 1100 W. 49th Street, Austin, Texas,

61 Collection & Evaluation of Information
The Reporting Process Collection & Evaluation of Information Collection of both the occurrence reports and the best practices reports will be done by the licensing section Once we have checked off that you submitted your reports, all identifying information will be removed from the forms The data will be entered into a simple database, which will not include any facility identifying information

62 Collection & Evaluation of Information
The Reporting Process Collection & Evaluation of Information Follow-up letters will be sent to facilities if your reports are not received by your license renewal date Data may be confirmed through an onsite visit Best practice reports can be sent anytime – if you have a great best practice to share, please don’t wait until the “due date”

63 Collection & Evaluation of Information
The Reporting Process Collection & Evaluation of Information The Texas Hospital Association’s Quality and Patient Safety Committee will be assisting us in evaluating the best practices and safety measures which are submitted The best examples will be posted to the TDH Patient Safety website

64 Evaluating Compliance
What to expect when the Texas Department of Health Inspectors arrive at your facility...

65 Evaluating Compliance
Complaint Investigations A root cause analysis and action plan must be completed for all events related to a “reportable occurrence” The investigator will review the RCA related to the complaint, and may review any others which were completed for similar events

66 Evaluating Compliance
Complaint Investigations In evaluating the RCA, we will look for: Any immediate actions taken A thorough description of the events Descriptions of the root causes and contributing factors Recommended actions for addressing the root causes and contributing factors Responsibility for implementing actions Description of the outcome measures for the actions Target dates for completion

67 Evaluating Compliance
Complaint Investigations Remember that the RCA must focus on systems and processes, including an analysis of underlying cause and effect Actions must be clear and have direct relevance to the root cause Outcome measures should be specific and quantifiable, and must measure the impact of the action on the root cause

68 Evaluating Compliance
Surveys, Inspections and Investigations Review of the overall patient safety program: Is it effective, ongoing and organization-wide? Does it focus on the prevention and reduction of adverse events and medical errors? Is it integrated with other departments in the facility? Are staff knowledgeable of the patient safety program and their responsibilities?

69 Evaluating Compliance
Surveys, Inspections and Investigations Review of the overall patient safety program: Are events being reported internally within the the specified time frames? Is an RCA and action plan being completed within 45 days? Is the effectiveness of the action plan being evaluated? Has the facility accurately reported their data to the department?

70 Evaluating Compliance
Surveys, Inspections and Investigations The goal of the department is to improve patient safety, not to use the RCA against you The RCA is confidential, and the inspectors may not “remove, copy, reproduce, redact, or dictate from any part of a root cause analysis or action plan.” The law only requires that the department representative be allowed to review the RCA and action plan related to a reportable event

71 Evaluating Compliance
Surveys, Inspections and Investigations You are encouraged to share RCAs covering other types of occurrences as a means of demonstrating you have an active, effective patient safety program Don’t “hide” behind the RCA process If something goes wrong, you must be able to demonstrate what you did to investigate it, and what actions you took to prevent it from happening again

72 Evaluating Compliance
Surveys, Inspections and Investigations You could be cited for failing to complete an RCA and action plan on one of the required reportable events You could be cited if your safety program and RCA process does not meet the intent of the law and the rules You could be cited if you fail to report to the department in accordance with the law

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74 Reading Between the Rules: The New Medical Error Reporting and Patient Safety Requirements
QUESTIONS Cindy Bednar, R.N. Director of Licensing Programs Health Facility Licensing & Compliance Division


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