1. ABSOLUTE RULERS
A COMPARISON
CHAPTER 21

2. PHILIP II (SPAIN)

3. ECONOMY
Extremely wealthy country
Wealth came from the colonies Spain accumulated all over the world – primarily in the Americas
Philip claimed 1/4 to 1/5 of the treasure brought to Spain by his ships
Severe inflation - a severe decline in the value of money

4. Growing population requiring more food and supplies to meet this growth
Prices rose
Government borrowed heavily from German and Italian bankers

5. POLITICAL Ruled as an absolute monarch
Suspicious of others; would not allow anyone to help him govern
Deeply religious
Combined religion with government
United Spain and Portugal into one nation
Avoided the religious difficulties and strife so common in other European countries at that time

6. RELATIONS WITH OTHER NATIONS
Spanish Armada –an attempt by Spain to invade and conquer England
The Armada was an abyssmal failure
Rebellion in the Netherlands – 1566 – at the time the Netherlands were a territory belonging to Spain

7. LOUIS XIV

8. ECONOMY
Expansion of manufacturing
High tariffs placed on goods from other countries to protect French goods
Encouraged colonization for raw materials and a market for manufactured goods
Caused many skilled workers to leave France when the Edict of Nantes (guaranteed religious freedom) was repealed.
Spent LOTS of $$$$ to build the Palace at Versailles
By 1714, France faces massive debt

9. ECONOMY
Increased taxes
Poor harvests

10. L’etat c’est moi!” (“I am the State.”)
POLITICAL
L’etat c’est moi!” (“I am the State.”)
Ruled as the model example of an absolute monarch
The nobility was totally under the control of Louis
Louis controlled where the nobles lived, what they did, etc; nobles were required to live at Versailles

11. RELATIONS WITH OTHERS
1667 – invasion of the Spanish Netherlands in an attempt to expand France’s borders
: War of Spanish Succession
Other wars fought against GB, Austria, Portugal, the Dutch Republic, German and Italian States

12. Peter the Great

14. ECONOMY MEDIEVAL SERFDOM
Serf – worker bound to the land; could not be sold away from the land
AGRICULTURAL
NO INDUSTRY

15. POLITICAL Czars ruled with absolute control
Boyars – Russian landowning nobles – in constant conflict with the Czar
Use of secret police to control the boyars and any other enemy of the Czar

16. RELATIONS WITH OTHERS 2 MAJOR WARS – 1695 – WAR WITH THE OTTOMAN TURKS
1700 – WAR WITH SWEDEN
ISOLATED FROM WESTERN EUROPE
FEW TRAVELERS TO RUSSIA (very suspicious of non-Russians)
PETER TRAVELED EXTENSIVELY INCOGNITO
DETERMINED TO MODERNIZE AND WESTERNIZE RUSSIA

17. CHARLES I

18. CHARLES I BY VAN DYCK (1636)

19. ECONOMY
ALWAYS A NEED FOR $$$$
HAD TO PETITION PARLIAMENT FOR $$
HOW DOES THIS COMPARE W/US PRESIDENT AND THE NEED FOR $$?
HOW DOES US PRESIDENT GET $$?

20. POLITICAL CONSTANT STRUGGLE BETWEEN THE KING AND PARLIAMENT
RELIGIOUS CONFLICTS
PURITANS WANT TO ABOLISH ALL CATHOLIC PRACTICES FROM THE ENGLISH CHURCH
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR –
ROUNDHEADS V. CAVALIERS
PURITANS V. SUPPORTERS OF KING
KING IS TRIED AND FOUND GUILTY OF TREASON
BEHEADED IN 1649 –MONARCHY ABOLISHED

21. FAIRLY PEACEFUL TIME INTERNATIONALLY CONFLICTS PURELY INTERNAL
RELATIONS WITH OTHERS
FAIRLY PEACEFUL TIME INTERNATIONALLY
CONFLICTS PURELY INTERNAL
FRANCE WILL SIDE WITH THE KING AND HIS FAMILY AS THE WIFE OF CHARLES I IS A FRENCH PRINCESS.
FRANCE GIVES SAFE HAVEN TO THE QUEEN AND HER CHILDREN.