1. What we know….. Growing sectionalism Growing sectionalism –VA & KY resolutions – nullification –Tariff of 1828 – SC threatens to secede –Economic differences –Southern resentment of northerner’s interference (abolition, temperance, etc.) –Growing tensions over states’ rights vs. federal rights

2. The Coming of the Civil War Chapter 11

3. Uncle Tom’s Cabin By Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) By Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852) –Eliza Harris, Uncle Tom (protagonists) –Simon Legree (antagonist) Reaction the fictional novel Reaction the fictional novel –Northerners see it as an accurate portrayal, fear slavery will ruin America –Southerners feel it is untrue  Plantations are happy families  Slave owners care more for their workers than factory owners  Cannibals All! By George Fitzhugh

4. Effects of the Missouri Compromise 1820 – MO – Slave, ME – Free; no slavery North of 36 N. Did not settle whether slavery would be legal in the new territories 1820 – MO – Slave, ME – Free; no slavery North of 36 N. Did not settle whether slavery would be legal in the new territories Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (after Mex. War) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (after Mex. War) –Northerners fear new states would be slave –Tried to keep slavery out of the territories

5. Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state California admitted as a free state Territories of New Mexico and Utah will decide whether slavery would be legal (popular sovereignty) Territories of New Mexico and Utah will decide whether slavery would be legal (popular sovereignty) End slave trade in Washington, D.C. End slave trade in Washington, D.C. Slavery would remain legal in Washington, D.C. Slavery would remain legal in Washington, D.C. Fugitive Slave Act Fugitive Slave Act

6. Debate over Compromise of 1850 John C. Calhoun opposes John C. Calhoun opposes –Epitomizes Southern position –State’s rights – right for states to nullify acts or withdraw from the union –Government’s job is to protect right to own property Daniel Webster supports Daniel Webster supports –Change of opinion – to save the Union –Felt slavery would not be necessary in New Mexico –Thought it was constitutional to return slaves; upsets North

7. Compromise of 1850 passes  Southerners not happy about California  Northerners not happy about the Fugitive Slave Act  Again, only temporarily settles the issue

8. Changes in Political Parties Whigs decline Whigs decline –Never win Presidential election after 1848 –Nativism – ensure American born citizens get better treatment than immigrants  Response to high level of immigrants  Worried about Catholic immigrants (Irish) –Order of the Star Spangled Banner  Secret nativist society  “I know nothing” –American party develops from them, nick-named the Know-Nothings  Popular in local elections in the North – feared immigrants

9. The Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Stephen Douglas pushes issue of slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska Stephen Douglas pushes issue of slavery in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska –Wanted to connect Chicago with the west –Wanted to run for President, needed Southern Democrat support Introduces the Kansas- Nebraska Act in January 1854 Introduces the Kansas- Nebraska Act in January 1854 –Popular-sovereignty – letting people in a territory decide if slavery would be allowed –Would require repealing the Missouri Compromise –Passes after nine months

10. The Republican Party Party develops against slavery Party develops against slavery Demanded the repeal of the Kansas- Nebraska Act (fear slavery in new territory) and the Fugitive Slave Act Demanded the repeal of the Kansas- Nebraska Act (fear slavery in new territory) and the Fugitive Slave Act Gained support from anti-slavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers Gained support from anti-slavery Democrats, Whigs, and Free Soilers Direct ancestor of the modern Republican Party Direct ancestor of the modern Republican Party

11. Bleeding Kansas Race for settlement of Kansas Race for settlement of Kansas –Free soilers - capital at Topeka –Pro-slavery capital - Lecompton Violence Violence –“Sack of Lawrence” – antislavery town –“Pottawatomie Massacre” – slavery town (John Brown leads) Charles Sumner beaten by Preston Brooks Charles Sumner beaten by Preston Brooks

12. Slavery and National Politics Election of 1856 – James Buchanan –Dem. Election of 1856 – James Buchanan –Dem. The Dred Scott Decision The Dred Scott Decision –Scott v. Sandford – March 1857 –Chief Justice Roger B. Taney rules against Scott  Not a citizen, could not sue  Slaves were property  Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because of 5 th Amendment (couldn’t ban slavery!)

13. Lincoln-Douglas Debates Debates between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln over the issue of slavery in the territories Debates between Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln over the issue of slavery in the territories Douglas wins Senate election in 1858 Douglas wins Senate election in 1858 Lincoln becomes well- known Lincoln becomes well- known

14. John Brown’s Raid October 16, 1859, raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia October 16, 1859, raid on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia Wanted to take weapons and give them to slaves Wanted to take weapons and give them to slaves Colonel Robert E. Lee helps capture Colonel Robert E. Lee helps capture Brown hanged Brown hanged –Northerners call him a martyr –Southern say he is a tool of the Republicans

15. Election of 1860 Democrats split nomination Democrats split nomination –Southern Democrats – John C. Breckinridge (states’ rights/slavery) –Northern Democrats – Stephen Douglas (popular sovereignty) Constitutional Party chooses John Bell of Tennessee (moderate) Constitutional Party chooses John Bell of Tennessee (moderate) Republican Party chooses Abraham Lincoln Republican Party chooses Abraham Lincoln The Election The Election –South split between Bell and Breckinridge  Lincoln not even on the ballot in the South –Lincoln wins North and the election (only 39% of the popular vote) –South is outraged; feel they were not even counted

16. South Carolina Secedes South angry that Lincoln wins without an electoral vote from the South South angry that Lincoln wins without an electoral vote from the South South Carolina secedes on December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes on December 20, 1860 Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas soon follow Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas soon follow

17. The Confederate States of America Delegates meet in February 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama to create a new government Delegates meet in February 1861 in Montgomery, Alabama to create a new government Montgomery the capital and Jefferson Davis the President Montgomery the capital and Jefferson Davis the President Lincoln sworn in on March 3, 1861, refused to honor the Confederacy Lincoln sworn in on March 3, 1861, refused to honor the Confederacy

18. The Civil War Begins Fort Sumter – 1 st fighting Fort Sumter – 1 st fighting –Federal fort – SC –Should Lincoln re-supply the fort or let it fall to the Confederacy? –Duty to enforce law –Anderson surrenders fort to General Beauregard War declared between the two nations War declared between the two nations –Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join Confederacy