1. 1848-51 From Republic to Empire www.educationforum.co.uk

2. France – How about another French Revolution? 1848 – the government of Louis-Philippe was known for its corruption. Francois Guizot – Louis-Philippe’s minister told the people of France to go forth and make themselves rich. For anyone who was not rich – it was his won fault according to Guizot. French urban workers benefited little from Louis-Philippe’s reign. Socialism was emerging

3. Louis-Philippe

4. Francois Guizot

5. Discontent By 1848 there was growing discontent with Louis- Philippe Poor harvest led to hunger and food shortages The middle class wanted greater access to power The middle bourgeois began holding banquets that were rallies for change. February 21, 1848, the government banned such banquets. Parisian workers took to the street – urged on by the middle bourgeois. February 24, 1848 – Louis-Philippe fled to Britain

7. The Second Republic At first – the workers of Paris began to influence the new National Assembly representing the urban workers National Workshops and poor relief were implemented BUT the April 23, 1848 vote – based on universal male suffrage – did not elect a government of workers or radicals. A far more conservative government of the middle and upper bourgeois was elected

8. June Days - 1848 June of 1848 – the poor and working class of Paris turned again to the barricades – hoping to change the government Troops attacked and destroyed the barricades and the rebellion. Thousands were killed – social revolution was avoided.

9. Louis Napoleon Bonaparte In the chaos of the June Days – many middle and upper class people of France looked to Louis Napoleon Bonaparte “Little Napoleon” for leadership. He was Napoleon’s nephew – son of his brother and son of Josephine’s daughter Late 1848 – Louis Napoleon wins the presidential election

10. Louis Napoleon Louis Napoleon begins to argue with the National assembly as he pushes for more and more power He makes himself appear to be the true supporter of the people He wanted to run for re-election but it was forbidden by the new constitution. When the National Assembly refused to change the constitution, Louis Napoleon sent troops to disperse the National Assembly – on the anniversary of his uncle’s victory in the Battle of Austerlitz

11. Emperor Over 10,000 people who opposed his coup were transported to Algeria A PLEBISCITE on December 21, 1851 approved Louis Napoleon’s actions and a new constitution that gave power to Louis Napoleon. 7.5 million vs. 600,000 December 1852 – Louis Napoleon declares himself emperor and the end of the Second Republic. The Second Empire was approved by plebiscite. Again, a democratic France was replaced by a monarchy. Conservative bourgeois triumphed over liberals and proletariat.

12. Napoleon III