1. BUGS Relevant Research Areas: Insects: –Tele-control of insects: Ability to control some motor function of an insect through an external link –Tele-sense of insects: The ability to have 1 way communications with some senses of an insect (Antenna, feel, sight, olfactory) –Tele-influence: 2 Way communication with the insect and the ability to control as well as well as use some aspect of the insect to sense the surroundings Top 10 researchers in the areas above and their relevant projects. Demo Case: What key technologies are available to “tele-influence, control, or sense” a cockroach. What technology still remains elusive

2. BIRDS Relevant Research Areas: Birds: –Tele-control of birds: Ability to control some motor function of an bird through an external link –Tele-sense of birds: The ability to have 1 way communications with some senses of an bird (Hearing, feel, sight, olfactory) –Tele-influence: 2 Way communication with the bird and the ability to control as well as well as use some aspect of the bird to sense the surroundings Top 10 researchers in the areas above and their relevant projects. Demo Case: What key technologies are available to “tele-influence, control, or sense” a sparrow. What technology still remains elusive

3. SMALL ANIMALS Relevant Research Areas: Small Animals: –Tele-control of animals: Ability to control some motor function of a Small Animal through an external link –Tele-sense of Small Animals: The ability to have 1 way communications with some senses of an Small Animals (Hearing, feel, sight, olfactory) –Tele-influence: 2 Way communication with the Small Animals and the ability to control as well as well as use some aspect of the Small Animals to sense the surroundings Top 10 researchers in the areas above and their relevant projects. Demo Case: What key technologies are available to “tele-influence, control, or sense” a raccoon. What technology still remains elusive?

4. OTHER CREATURES Relevant Research Areas: Give examples of relevant research areas for tele- sense, control, and influence for fish Give one example of current research in this area. What are other people working on that has not been mentioned to date??

5. HUMANS How would the above technologies aid in the recovery of humans from catastrophic injuries, degenerative diseases, or birth defects How do we mold the program with these facts in mind What are the PC implications here

6. Other DARPA Programs The principal objective of the program is to utilize biological organisms for real-time collection of information in the environment. To accomplish this objective, the program will seek to monitor and utilize the sensory signals (e.g., chemical, visual, thermal, acoustic, other) and sensor input or behavior employed by biological organisms to forage and reproduce in their environment. The program also seeks to develop methods to interface with individuals or populations of biological systems as they distribute that will result in the real- time, remote collection of information about the environment. The program seeks major technology innovation in new concepts for "plugging into" the signals used by biological organisms and utilizing them for the directed distribution of biological systems and collection of environmental information.

7. CBS Continued These concepts may focus on the development of materials or electronics to interface with neuronal systems during control of locomotion and distribution; genetic engineering of biological systems in order to alter the signals used by biological systems to forage or reproduce; and new methods of effecting learned behavior in individuals or distributed populations. The research that is covered by this program is truly interdisciplinary in nature and includes the subjects entomology, neurobiology, neuroethology, microelectronics, signal processing, and decision theory among others.

8. CBS Programs Iowa State University: Trying to identify mechanism of detection of chemical signals by parasitic wasps IPM Technologies Corporation: Mate finding, host finding, alarm, and aggregation behaviors will be studied with a particular emphasis on blood feeding arthropod vectors of disease, and insects of nuisance or bio-irritant value. Fidelity and real-time response rates of these organisms will be quantified. University of Arizona: Trying to exploit olfactory control of bees University of Montana: The goal is to provide a means of rapidly (real time or close to real time) detecting the presence or introduction of hazardous biological or chemical agents by monitoring the hive or individuals foraging within the hive area (2-5 Km). US Army Tank Command: Some weapon system n/a

9. CBS Programs cont’d VPI: Provide the Department of Defense with new methods of long-term storage of labile biological components. Duke: Develop hybrid brain-machine technology for real time control of robotic arm MIT: Interfacing with large scale neural ensembles. This project seeks to address both objectives by demonstrating the ability to influence rodent navigation through patterned microstimulation, while monitoring large-scale neural activity in memory and sensory systems of the brain to determine animal position and stimulus recognition. UC- Irvine: The goal is to demonstrate whether selective spatial cells in the hippocampus can be induced in response to a processed visual input. UI-Urbana:This project will develop a new microelectrode array for measuring olfactory responses and enable the capability for monitoring activation patterns of neighboring neurons in insect brains in the presence of antenna odor stimulation. U of Michigan:Tasks within the project include: 1) modeling and validating force dynamic profiles for legged locomotion of four legged insects such as the cockroach, 2) fabrication of electronic interfaces for the accurate measurement of position and force during work cycles associated with walking and running, and 3) Development of stimulation protocols for neural and muscular locii that might influence the locomotion patterns of insects. These interfaces will be constructed to incorporate telemetric communications with biomimetic insect platforms or real insects.

10. Some new research... Rats Tap Power Of Thought Lab Animals Move Robotic Arm With Brainpower Tiny Electrodes Record Rat Brain Function Technique May Help People With Severe Paralysis It sounds like something out of science fiction — a rat with a small electrode sticking out of its head decides it wants a drink and, without touching anything at all, gets a robotic arm to bring it some water.