1. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to

2. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are they? Amino Acids Lean Muscle Peptide Bond Peptides Poultry Fish Meat

3. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Where do they come from?

4. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Where are Carbohydrates found on the Food Pyramid? GRAINSVEGETABLESFRUITSOILSMILKMEAT & BEANS 

5. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Functions of Proteins Why do we need them? Provide Energy Cell / Tissue Building and Repair Fluid and pH Balance Metabolism and Transportion Immune System

6. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Functions of Proteins Why do we need them? Provide Energy Cell / Tissue Building and Repair Fluid and pH Balance Metabolism and Transportion Immune System

7. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Functions of Proteins Why do we need them? Provide Energy Cell / Tissue Building and Repair Fluid and pH Balance Metabolism and Transportion Immune System

8. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Functions of Proteins Why do we need them? Provide Energy Cell / Tissue Building and Repair Fluid and pH Balance Metabolism and Transportation Immune System

9. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Functions of Proteins Why do we need them? Provide Energy Cell / Tissue Building and Repair Fluid and pH Balance Metabolism and Transportation Immune System

10. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are the Building Blocks? Amino Acids (Peptides)

11. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are the Building Blocks? Amino Acid (Peptide)

12. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are the Building Blocks? Dipeptide = 2 joined Amino Acids

13. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins What are the Building Blocks? Polypeptide = 3 or more Amino Acids

14. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Amino Acids (20) Why do we need them? Classes of Amino Acids Indispensable Amino Acids Dispensable Amino Acids Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids (Dispensable similar to Essential)

15. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Amino Acids (20) Why do we need them? Classes of Amino Acids Indispensable Amino Acids Dispensable Amino Acids Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids (Dispensable similar to Essential)

16. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Amino Acids (20) Why do we need them? Classes of Amino Acids Indispensable Amino Acids Dispensable Amino Acids Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids (Dispensable similar to Essential)

17. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Amino Acids (20) Why do we need them? Classes of Amino Acids Indispensable Amino Acids Dispensable Amino Acids Conditionally Dispensable Amino Acids (Dispensable similar to Essential)

18. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM A Complete Protein All 20 Amino Acids

19. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Complete Proteins So, why don’t we just eat eggs every day instead of beef and other fatty meats? Critical Thinking

20. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Mechanical – Mastication The Mouth

21. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Chemical– Pepsinogen [ converted by Hydrochloric Acid to ] Pepsin Mechanical – Churning The Stomach

22. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Absorption – via the villi into the blood stream Enzyme – Trypsinogen [activated by Enterokinase] to Trypsin The Small Intestine

23. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Stomach Secretes pepsinogen (inactive) HCL activates pepsinogen to pepsin Pancreas Secretes trypsinogen (inactive) and sends to small intestine Small Intestine Enterokinase activates trypsinogen to trypsin Protein Enzymes

24. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Nitrogen Balance Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1)

25. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Nitrogen Balance Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1)

26. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Breaking Down Catabolism – breaking down the protein molecule releasing nitrogen into the blood system

27. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Building Up Anabolism – resynthesizing the amino acids to cellular and tissue materials

28. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Ammonia – BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) Excess nitrogen is converted to Urea and then taken to the kidneys to be excreted. Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1)

29. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Nitrogen Balance Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Consumed Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Excreted =

30. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Consumed Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Excreted > + Nitrogen Balance

31. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins + Nitrogen Balance

32. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins + Nitrogen Balance

33. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins + Nitrogen Balance

34. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Consumed Hydrogen (3) Nitrogen (1) Excreted < - Nitrogen Balance

35. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins - Nitrogen Balance

36. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Storing Energy as adipose tissue All excess protein will be stored Adipose Tissue

37. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins During life span periods when the BMR is commonly elevated, would you expect the person to be in Nitrogen Balance + Nitrogen Balance - Nitrogen Balance Critical Thinking

38. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Kwashiorkor

39. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM) Marasmus

40. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM High Protein Diets Protein food are often high in cholesterol and other saturated fats Filling up with protein leaves no appetite for vitamin enriched carbohydrates and fiber Excess nitrogen excretion may cause kidney impairment over time

41. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Dietary Requirements Carbohydrates 50% Fats 10% Proteins 40%

42. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins Getting from to

43. 10/9/2015 4:37 PM Proteins