1. 1 Community Summary Report on Zoonoses - 2007 - main results presented on 5–6 March 2009 in Brussels Pia Makela, Head of the Zoonoses Data Collection Unit

2. 5 March 20092 Zoonosis – Zoonoses Zoonosis = a disease or infection, which is naturally transmissible directly or indirectly between animals and humans Transmission often takes place via contaminated foodstuffs A large portion (1/3-1/2) of human infectious diseases has a zoonotic feature

3. 5 March 20093 Infection routes of zoonoses food animals, food

4. 5 March 20094 Data collection on Zoonoses in EU EFSA collects and analyse data on zoonoses and publishes an annual Community Summary Report in collaboration with the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) ECDC provides for and analyses the data on human zoonoses cases

5. 5 March 20095 Recall that EU stands for … 27 Member States and … 23 official languages

6. 5 March 20096 United in diversity… Diversity; between the Member States (MSs) in; food consumption patterns traditions in food preparation type of food products on the market structure and size of food- and animal industries, organisation of official control authorities, and occurrence of the pathogens.

7. 5 March 20097 But in the EU we share a lot: The Community legislation –the legislation on food hygiene, zoonoses and animal health is almost fully harmonised Single market for foodstuffs and animals –intra-Community trade in food is substantial, with e.g. many multinational companies

8. 5 March 20098 Reporting on Zoonoses in EU

9. 5 March 20099 Zoonoses data collection Data collection mandatory for 8 zoonoses: –Salmonella (+ antimicrobial resistance) –Campylobacter (+ antimicrobial resistance) –Listeria monocytogenes –Brucella –Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis –Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli –Trichinella –Echinococcus And also for foodborne outbreaks

10. 5 March 200910 Analyses of the annual zoonoses data Analyses of trends over the years (in MS/ EU) Identification of sources of human infections (which foodstuffs / animal species) Geographical distributions (maps) In the analyses EFSA and ECDC is assisted by Zoonoses Collaboration Centre, in Danish National Food Institute, DTU

11. 5 March 200911 Trend analyses Analyses of trends over the years the preferred option in the analyses In many cases data not directly comparable between the MSs, but it is often comparable within the country between the reporting years, unless the monitoring system has changed The trends provide information –on EU and national developments –re-emerging zoonoses –impact of control measures/ programmes

12. 5 March 200912 Community Summary reports 2007 Summary Report on zoonoses and zoonotic agents in 2007 was published on 20.1.2009 (this report) Summary Report on foodborne outbreaks will be published end March 2009 Summary Report on antimicrobial resistance in September 2009 (including review on historical data)

13. 5 March 200913 Notification rates of zoonoses cases in humans, 2007 Campylobacte- riosis and salmonellosis by far the most frequently reported zoonotic diseases in EU

14. 5 March 200914 Human campylobacteriosis increased in EU in 2007 Campylobacteriosis typically causes diarrhoea, sometimes fever, headache and nausea In total 200 507 reported confirmed cases in EU, 2007

15. 5 March 200915 Campylobacteriosis in humans in MSs, 2007 There are differing trends amongst the MSs (same case for other zoonoses)

16. 5 March 200916 Campylobacter findings in animals and food in MSs, 2007 Campylobacter most often reported from live poultry and pigs, but in food mainly only from raw broiler meat (on average 26% positive)

17. 5 March 200917 MSs’ specific trends in Campylo- bacter in broiler flocks, 2007

18. 5 March 200918 Campylobacter in broiler flocks, weighted mean in the 9 MSs, trend analyses, 2007 MSs’ specific results weighted by the size of national production, no significant trend observed at MSs group level

19. 5 March 200919 Salmonellosis in humans (24 MSs), 2007 Statistically significant decrease in human cases at EU level since 2004 In total, 151 995 confirmed cases reported in EU, 2007

20. 5 March 200920 Salmonella in food and animals, EU, 2007 Salmonella most often detected in poultry and food thereof

21. 5 March 200921 Salmonella in food, 2007, most often found in meats

22. 5 March 200922 Salmonella in vegetables and fruit, EU, 2007 Several MSs investigated vegetables and fruits for Salmonella, prompted by the large international outbreaks. Very few positive findings were made

23. 5 March 200923 Salmonella in breeding flocks of fowl (Gallus gallus), 2007 2007 was the 1. year MSs to implement the new Salmonella control programmes in breeding flocks of poultry Already 15 MSs met the target (=1%) set for end 2009

24. 5 March 200924 Listeriosis in humans, EU, 2007 Listeriosis remained at the same level as in 2006, following significant increase in the previous years Reported mortality high (20%), affecting mainly the elderly In total 1554 confirmed cases reported in EU, 2007

25. 5 March 200925 Listeria in ready-to-eat foods, in EU, 2007 L. monocytogenes findings over the legal safety limit (100 bacteria/g) were most often reported from fishery products (smoked fish), meat products and cheeses, but typically at low levels: for fishery products 1-2%, others < 1%

26. 5 March 200926 L.monocytogenes in cheeses (presence), 2007 Listeria most often detected in soft/semi-soft cheeses

27. 5 March 200927 L.monocytogenes in fishery products, (presence), 2007 Listeria most often detected in smoked fish

28. 5 March 200928 Verotoxigenic E.coli (VTEC) in food, EU, 2007 VTEC mostly reported from raw bovine meat, typically at low levels In total, 2905 confirmed cases in humans reported in EU, 2007

29. 5 March 200929 Brucellosis in animals and human, EU, 2007 Brucellosis in cattle remained at same level as in 2006 in EU level Burcellosis in sheep and goats decreased slightly In humans brucellosis decreasing as well, 542 cases in EU, 2007

30. 5 March 200930 Trichinella in wild life, EU, 2007 Trichinella very seldom reported from slaughter pigs, most findings from wild life In total, 779 confirmed cases in humans reported in EU, 2007

31. 5 March 200931 Main conclusions from 2007 data Campylobacteriosis still increasing in humans; broiler meat the main food-borne source with high contamination levels Salmonellosis decreasing in humans; eggs, poultry and pig meat main sources Listeriosis in humans of concern, very few findings over the safety limit in ready-to-eat foods Bovine tuberculosis and animal brucellosis slowly decreasing in EU Wild life the main reservoir of the zoonotic parasites and rabies in EU