1. Tweedle-dum and Tweedle-Dee: Phase Transitions Myrmektite

2. Solid State Phase Transformations

8. Silica: Rapid Cooling

10. Metastable tridymite and cristobalite are common in acid volcanic rocks

11. Silica: Rapid Cooling

14. Solid State Phase Transformations

15. Solid State: Exsolution

16. Alkali Feldspar

17. High Temperature Alkali Feldspar Found in volcanic rocks Anorthoclase, Mt Erebus

18. Low Temperature Alkali Feldspar Found in plutonic rocks

19. Low Temperature Alkali Feldspar Found in plutonic rocks

20. Plagioclase Feldspar Plagioclase Feldspars Two Feldspars Perthite Microcline without perthite and anorthite

21. Pyroxenes

22. Ca-poor Px Ca-rich Px Augite Temperature

23. Pyroxenes

24. Inverted Pigeonite 001 100 Thickest along the 001 plane

25. Iron Meteorites and Cooling Rates Widmanstatten Texture Kamacite (low-Ni metal) Taenite (high-Ni metal)

26. Iron Meteorites and Cooling Rates

27. Liquid Immiscibility

29. Oldoinyo Lengai Gregory Rift, Tanzania

30. Liquid Immiscibility Natrocarbonatite lavas

31. Natrocarbonatite Lava

32. Liquid Immiscibility Explosive eruptions of mixed silicate (nephelinite) – carbonatite ash Carbonatite melt exsolves by liquid immiscibility from a nephelinite magma chamber