1. Debating Michael Cheng National Chengchi University Sophomore Oral Training & Reading

2. Resolution This is the issue that you are debating. In a policy debate you are arguing for a change in policy.

3. Examples of a Resolution Gay marriage should be legalized in Taiwan. Involuntary active euthanasia should be legalized in Taiwan. Condom machines should be installed on campus.

4. Status Quo The status quo is the present situation. It’s how things are right now. A resolution hopes to change the status quo.

5. Examples of the status quo Gay marriage is not legally recognized in Taiwan. Doctors cannot unilaterally decide to end a patient’s life by removing life support equipment from a comatose patient. There are no condom machines on the campus of NCCU.

6. Burden of Proof This means that it is harder to convince people to do something different or to make a change. You have to PROVE that there is an advantage to making a change.

7. Can you identify the fruit? Would you eat all of these fruits?

8. Would you eat these fruits?

9. What would it take to get you to eat these?

10. Review Question What is the connection between the STATUS QUO and the Burden of Proof?

11. Two Sides of a Debate Affirmative The Affirmative supports the resolution. Negative The Negative is against the resolution Which side wants to keep the status quo? Which side has the burden of proof?

12. How to do convince your audience to change the status quo? HARMS: There is something harmful about the status quo. SIGNIFICANCE: These harms are significant. INHERENCY: There are barriers to solving the problem in the status quo. SOLVENCY: Your plan can solve the problems. ADVANTAGES: Extra bonuses from your plan.

13. Gay Marriage HARMS: SIGNIFICANCE: INHERENCY: SOLVENCY: ADVANTAGES:

14. Euthanasia HARMS: SIGNIFICANCE: INHERENCY: SOLVENCY: ADVANTAGES:

15. Condom Machines HARMS: SIGNIFICANCE: INHERENCY: SOLVENCY: ADVANTAGES:

16. How do you convince the audience to reject the resolution? HARMS: That doesn’t really hurt anyone. SIGNIFICANCE: It’s so small it doesn’t really matter. INHERENCY: We are already fixing the problem. SOLVENCY: Your plan doesn’t really solve the problem. DISADVANTAGES: You create even more problems. LACK OF EVIDENCE: No facts to back up your opinions.

17. Evidence Strong evidence should be Authoritative Current Objective Relevant

18. Bad Evidence Authoritative—He’s not an expert Current—That happened so long ago and the situation is different now Objective—He’s twisting the facts because he has a bias Relevant—You took the information out of context; Our situation is totally different

19. Bad Evidence? Allah condemns homosexuality!

20. Bad Evidence? That painting really sucks!

21. Bad Evidence? Everybody knows you can’t do anything useful with computers!

22. Bad Evidence? We don’t think oil causes global warming.

23. Gay Marriage—Negative Case HARMS: SIGNIFICANCE: INHERENCY: SOLVENCY: DISADVANTAGES:

24. Condom Machines—Negative Case HARMS: SIGNIFICANCE: INHERENCY: SOLVENCY: DISADVANTAGES:

25. Class Debate Format (4 minutes) Affirmative 1: State your case (4 minutes) Negative 1: Tear down the case (4 minutes) Affirmative 2: Rebut, build case, add advan (4 minutes) Negative 2: Continue to tear down the case (1 minute) Timeout (2 minutes) Crossfire—All Speakers question each other (1 minute) Timeout (1 minute) Negative 1: Summarize (1 minute) Affirmative 1: Summarize (1 minute) Negative 2: Conclude (1 minute) Affirmative 2: Conclude Total: 24 minutes

26. Debate Teams (Divide your team into a Affirmative Team and a Negative Team) Team A: Joyce Yao, Afore, Emily, Amy Shyung Team B: Kyle, Chris, Ching, Stella Team C: Amy Lin, Hannah, Vivian, Sharon Team D: Victor, Tina, Joyce Yang, Francis Team E: Raina, Oswald, Julie, Cielo

27. Resolution Condom machines will be installed on campus. (Where? How many? Cost? Brand?)

28. This is the order of the competition Week 1: A+ vs B-, D&E judge B+ vs C-, E&A judge C+ vs D-, A&B judge D+ vs E-, B&C judge E+ vs A-, C&D judge Week 2: E+ vs C-, B judges A+ vs D-, C judges B+ vs E-, D judges C+ vs A-, E judges D+ vs B-, A judges