1. Communication 1A An introduction to interpersonal communication WEEK 14 Non-verbal communication

2. 1 What is non-verbal communication? Definitions of non-verbal communication have had consistency over the years: 1991:”Non-verbal messages are those communications that are not spoken or written in words”. Hanna, G., & Wilson, M. (1991). Communicating in business and professional settings. New York : McGraw-Hill. p.151 2000: “The literal definition of non-verbal communication, communication without words, is something of an oversimplification …the entire process must be viewed as a whole that is greater than the sum of its parts”. Tubbs, S. & Moss, S. (2000). Human communication. New York: McGraw-Hill. p.100- 101

3. 2 Body language types Emblems These are forms of body language that are commonly used and often replace words, e.g. waving goodbye Illustrators These are forms of body language that accompany words, eg. when we use gestures to illustrate what we are saying Regulators These are forms of body language that control others communication, eg. nodding our heads to encourage someone talking Adaptors These are body language forms that are unique to individuals. People often have certain types of non verbal cues that only they use. Watch your friends and family and see if any of them have adaptors when they communicate. Affect displays These body language cues communicate how we are truly feeling when our verbal cues communicate something very different, e.g. when we blush, people often know that we are embarrassed even though our verbal cues may be saying something very different Posture and gestures How we stand and sit, the gestures we use while we talk to one another gives messages, eg. when someone slouches they can look bored.

4. 3 Parts of the body Our body communicates many messages: Next to each listing, place an example of a common non-verbal cue and the message it sends: The face_______________________________________ The eyes_______________________________________ Lips and mouth_______________________________________ Eyebrows_______________________________________ Nose_______________________________________ Forehead_______________________________________ Chin_______________________________________ The whole head_______________________________________ Hands, fingers, arms_______________________________________ Shoulders_______________________________________ Legs_______________________________________ Feet_______________________________________

5. 4 Physical appearance & characteristics Ectomorphs: –Skinny, lacking muscle –Can communicate: Awkwardness, intelligence, nervousness Endomorphs –Shorter and less lean than ectomorphs –Can communicate: Affection, lack of motivation Mesomorphs –athletic, muscular, the body types that western society reveres –Can communicate: Motivation, confidence, energy PLUS: how we dress, the accessories we wear, our hair cut etc ALL communicate messages.

6. 5 Voice: Paralanguage Qualifiers These are our vocal qualities, eg. the rate of our speech, the tone, the pitch, the volume etc Fillers The meaningless words that we use when we hesitate, make a break in our speech etc, eg. “um”, “ah”…etc Differentiators Sounds that we use when talking to another person; often these are unique to people Qualities Is your voice soft, loud, high, low…? Slides 2-5 were adapted from Pinner, D., & Pinner, D. (1998). Communication skills. (4 th ed.). Auckland: Longman. See readings package pages 143-150.

7. 6 Non-verbal group exercise Each group will: –Choose ONE specific non verbal communication tool from slides 2-6 –Explain the term, in your own words, in no more than 3 sentences –Give at least two examples from your culture; preferably visual examples (i.e.. students acting out non verbal cues to present to the class as examples) Present to the class (each group should present for around 4-5 minutes) Use the readings package chapter for guidance.

8. 7 Eleven decisions 1.Educational level 2.Economic level 3.Perceived credibility, believability, competence, honesty 4.Trustworthiness 5.Level of sophistication 6.Sexuality 7.Level of success 8.Political background 9.Religious background 10.Ethnic background 11.Social/professional desirability Adapted from an AUT resource: citing Solomon, M. Graduate School of Business from New York University