1. 8 May 2002 Abilene Update Session Steve Corbató Director, Backbone Network Infrastructure HENP Working Group Washington DC Steve Corbató Director, Backbone Network Infrastructure HENP Working Group Washington DC

2. 8 May 2002 2 Agenda Network status & events of interest 10-Gbps upgrade plans Optical networking on the regional & national scale

3. 8 May 2002 3 Abilene – May, 2002 IP-over-SONET backbone (OC-48c, 2.5 Gbps) 53 direct connections 4 OC-48c connections 1 Gigabit Ethernet trial 23 will connect via at least OC-12c (622 Mbps) by 1Q02 Number of ATM connections decreasing 215 participants – research universities & labs All 50 states, District of Columbia, & Puerto Rico 15 regional GigaPoPs support ~70% of participants Expanded access 50 sponsored participants –New: Smithsonian Institution, Arecibo Radio Telescope 23 state education networks (SEGPs)

4. 8 May 2002 4 Abilene international connectivity Transoceanic R&E bandwidths growing! GÉANT – 5 Gbps between Europe and New York City now Key international exchange points facilitated by Internet2 membership and the U.S. scientific community STARTAP & STAR LIGHT – Chicago (GigE) AMPATH – Miami (OC-3c  OC-12c) Pacific Wave – Seattle (GigE) MAN LAN - New York City (GigE/10GigE EP soon) CA*NET3/4: Seattle, Chicago, and New York CUDI: CENIC and Univ. of Texas at El Paso International transit service Collaboration with CA*NET3 and STARTAP

5. Sacramento Los Angeles Washington Abilene International Peering STAR TAP/Star Light APAN/TransPAC, Ca*net3, CERN, CERnet, FASTnet, GEMnet, IUCC, KOREN/KREONET2, NORDUnet, RNP2, SURFnet, SingAREN, TAnet2 NYCM BELNET, CA*net3, GEANT*, HEANET, JANET, NORDUnet Pacific Wave AARNET, APAN/TransPAC, CA*net3, TANET2 SNVA GEMNET, SINET, SingAREN, WIDE LOSA UNINET AMPATH REUNA, RNP2 RETINA, ANSP, (CRNet) OC3-OC12 El Paso (UACJ-UT El Paso) CUDI San Diego (CALREN2) CUDI * ARNES, CARNET, CESnet, DFN, GRNET, RENATER, RESTENA, SWITCH, HUNGARNET, GARR-B, POL-34, RCST, RedIRIS 09 March 2002

6. 8 May 2002 6 Packetized raw High Definition Television (HDTV) Raw HDTV/IP – single UDP flow of 1.5 Gbps Project of USC/ISIe, Tektronix, & U. of Wash (DARPA) 6 Jan 2002: Seattle to Washington DC via Abilene –Single flow utilized 60% of backbone bandwidth 18 hours: no packets lost, 15 resequencing episodes End-to-end network performance (includes P/NW & MAX GigaPoPs) – Loss: <0.8 ppb (90% c.l.) – Reordering: 5 ppb Transcontinental 1-Gbps TCP requires loss of – <30 ppb (1.5 KB frames) – <1 ppm (9KB jumbo)

7. 8 May 2002 7 End-to-End Performance: ‘High bandwidth is not enough’ Bulk TCP flows (transfers > 10 Mbytes) Current median flow rate over Abilene: 1.9 Mbps –95th percentile: 7.0 Mbps

8. 8 May 2002 8 Netflow information sources Weekly summaries http://netflow.internet2.edu/weekly/ Raw data manipulation http://www.itec.oar.net/abilene-netflow/

9. 8 May 2002 9 Jumbo frames are supported here Default Abilene MTU: 4.5 kB Now we also support 9 kB MTUs on per connector basis Motivation: support for HPC computing Interested connectors? Contact the NOC

10. 8 May 2002 10 Future of Abilene Original UCAID/Qwest agreement amended on October 1, 2001 Extension of MoU for another 5 years – until October, 2006 Originally expired March, 2003 Upgrade of Abilene backbone to optical transport capability - ’s (unprotected) x4 increase in the core backbone bandwidth –OC-48c SONET (2.5 Gbps) to 10-Gbps DWDM

11. 8 May 2002 11 Key aspects of next generation Abilene backbone - I Native IPv6 Motivations –Resolving IPv4 address exhaustion issues –Preservation of the original End-to-End Architecture model p2p collaboration tools, reverse trend to CO-centrism –International collaboration –Router and host OS capabilities Run natively - concurrent with IPv4 Replicate multicast deployment strategy Close collaboration with Internet2 IPv6 Working Group on regional and campus v6 rollout –Addressing architecture

12. 8 May 2002 12 Key aspects of next generation Abilene backbone - II Network resiliency Abilene ’s will not be ring protected like SONET Increasing use of videoconferencing/VoIP impose tighter restoration requirements (<100 ms) Options: –MPLS/TE fast reroute (initially) –IP-based IGP fast convergence (preferable)

13. 8 May 2002 13 Key aspects of next generation Abilene backbone - III New & differentiated measurement capabilities Significant factor in NGA rack design –4 dedicated servers at each nodes –Additional provisions for future servers –Local data collection to capture data at times of network instability Enhance active probing –Now: latency & jitter, loss, reachability (Surveyor) –Regular TCP/UDP throughput tests – ~1 Gbps Separate server for E2E performance beacon Enhance passive measurement –Now: SNMP (NOC) & traffic matrix/type (Netflow) –Routing (BGP & IGP) –Optical splitter taps on backbone links at select location(s)

14. 8 May 2002 14 Abilene Observatories Currently a program outline for better support of computer science research Influenced by discussions with NRLC members 1) Improved & accessible data archive Need coherent database design Unify & correlate 4 separate data types –SNMP, active measurement data, routing, Netflow 2) Provision for direct network measurement and experimentation Resources reserved for two additional servers –Power (DC), rack space (2RU), router uplink ports (GigE) Need process for identifying meritorious projects Need ‘rules of engagement’ (technical & policy)

16. 8 May 2002 16

17. 8 May 2002 17 Next generation router selection Extensive router specification and test plan developed Team effort: UCAID staff, NOC, NC and Ohio ITECs –Chris Heerman, Matt Davy, Lee Graham, John Moore, Paul Schopis, Matt Zekauskas Discussions with four router vendors Tests focused on next gen advanced services High performance TCP/IP throughput High performance multicast IPv6 functionality & throughput Classification for QoS and measurement 3 routers tested & comm. ISPs referenced  New Juniper T640 platform selected

18. 8 May 2002 18 Two leading national initiatives in the U.S. Next Generation Abilene Advanced Internet backbone –connects entire campus networks of the research universities 10 Gbps nationally TeraGrid Virtual machine room for distributed computing (Grid) Connecting 4 HPC centers initially –Illinois: NCSA, Argonne –California: SDSC, Caltech 4x10 Gbps: Chicago  Los Angeles Ongoing collaboration between both projects

19. 8 May 2002 19 Deployment timing Ongoing – Backbone router procurement Detailed deployment planning July – Rack assembly (Indiana Univ.) Aug/Sep – New rack deployment at all 11 nodes Fall – First Wave ’s commissioned Fall meeting demonstration events iGRID 2002 (Amsterdam) – late Sep. Internet2 Fall Member Meeting (Los Angeles) – late Oct. SC2002 (Baltimore) – mid Nov. Remaining ’s commissioned in 2003 Please let us know now of 2002 upgrade plans

20. 8 May 2002 20 Abilene cost recovery model Connection (per connection)Annual fee OC-3 (155 Mbps)*$110,000 OC-12 (622 Mbps)$270,000 Gigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps)**$325,000 OC-48 (2.5 Gbps)$430,000 OC-192/10 GigE** (10 Gbps)$490,000 Participation (per university)$20,000

21. 8 May 2002 21 Abilene program changes 10-Gbps (OC-192c POS) connections backhaul available wherever needed & possible –Only required now for 1 of 4 OC-48c connections 3-year connectivity commitment required Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet Available when connector has dark fiber access into Abilene router node Backhaul not available ATM connection & peer support TAC recommended ending ATM support by fall 2003 Two major ATM-based GigaPoPs have migrated 2 of 3 NGIXes still are ATM-based –NGIX-Chicago @ STAR LIGHT is now GigE Urging phased migration for connectors & peers

22. 8 May 2002 22 Conclusions – Abilene future Backbone upgrade project underway Partnership with Qwest extended thru 2006 Juniper T640 routers selected for backbone 10-Gbps backbone deployment starts this fall Advanced service foci Native, high-performance IPv6 Enhanced, differentiated measurement Network resiliency Incremental, non-disruptive transition Complementary to and collaborative with NSF’s TeraGrid

23. 8 May 2002 23 For more information Web: www.internet2.edu/abilenewww.internet2.edu/abilene E-mail: abilene@internet2.eduabilene@internet2.edu Again please let us know now of 2002 connection upgrade plans

24. 8 May 2002 24 Optical network project differentiation Distance scale (km) ExamplesEquipment Metro< 60 UW(SEA), USC/ISI(LA) Dark fiber & end terminals State/ Regional < 500 (ULH: <2500) I-WIRE (IL), CENIC ONI, I-LIGHT (IN) Add OO amplifiers Extended Regional/ National > 500 PLR, TeraGrid Abilene Add OEO regenerators & O&M $’s

25. 8 May 2002 25 Regional optical networking Regional (state-based) optical networking projects are critical for next generation architecture: Three-level hierarchy: –National backbones, GigaPoPs, Campuses Leading examples of state-based initiatives –CENIC ONI (California), I-WIRE (Illinois), I-LIGHT (Indiana), NC Close collaboration with the Quilt Project Regional Optical Networking effort U.S. carrier DWDM access is now not nearly as widespread as with SONET 30-60 cities for DWDM vs. ~120 cities for SONET (ca. 1998)

26. 8 May 2002 26 Pacific Light Rail (Source: Greg Scott, CENIC/UCSC)

28. 8 May 2002 28 National optical networking options 1 – Provision incremental wavelengths Obtain 10-Gbps ’s as with SONET Exploit smaller incremental cost of additional ’s –1 st cost is ~10x than subsequent ’s 2 – Build dim fiber facility Partner with a facilities-based provider –Acquire 2 fiber pairs on a national scale –Outsource operation of transmission equipment Needs lower-cost optical transmission equipment –Find ELH/ULH optical kit partner The classic ‘buy vs. build’ decision in Information Technology Option 1 selected for TeraGrid and Next Gen Abilene

29. 8 May 2002 29 National Light Rail Project objectives form lightweight, but highly coordinated, collaboration to provision, acquire, and/or operate optical networking assets and services leverage collective buying power and experience of the consortium (ANL, CENIC, P/NW, UCAID) from the metropolitan to the national scales serve as optical infrastructure substrate for e-science projects proposing to a diverse array of funding agencies facilitate advanced network measurement and academic research Initial collaboration TeraGrid (Argonne), UCAID, CENIC and P/NW GigaPoPs UCSD, UIC

30. 8 May 2002 30 National Light Rail – an evolving view Key Functions brokerage service using established relationships with multiple facilities-based carriers Ongoing evaluation of potential acquisition and operation of national fiber optical network facility in partnership with the corporate sector

31. www.internet2.edu