1. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Prentice Hall PoliticalScienceInteractive Shea, Green, and Smith Living Democracy Chapter 14 Elections and Political Participation in America

2. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Republicanism and Different Ways to Select Leaders Plato: Give an examination to citizens who are anxious to serve and then fill government with those receiving the highest scores How should we choose our leaders?

3. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Elections as an Expression of Popular Will Elections can be an important signal of popular will or sentiments 1992 presidential elections: Ross Perot and the question of the federal deficit

4. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Elections and Society Civic Education Fulfilling a Civic Duty A Safety Valve

5. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall The Limitations of Elections Elections as a civic placebo A poor measure of public sentiment

6. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Pathways Past and Present: Four Winners Who Lost Four elections in which the candidate who led the popular vote did not win the office –1824: Andrew Jackson versus John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford –1876: Rutherford B. Hayes versus Samuel J. Tilden –1888: Benjamin Harrison versus Grover Cleveland –2000: Al Gore versus George W. Bush

7. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Referendums, Initiatives, and Recall Referendum: traditionally, the right of citizens to veto legislation Ballot Initiatives: a process whereby advocates of an issue collect signatures to have an initiative put on the ballot for election day Recall: citizens can vote an officeholder out of office before the next regularly scheduled election

8. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall The Role of Money in Elections

9. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Pathways Profile: Two Innovative Campaign Operatives Mark Hanna First modern campaign consultant “There are two things that are important in politics--the first is money and I can’t remember what the second one is.” - Hanna (1895) Joe Trippi Linked the Dean campaign to the Internet, particularly Meetup.org

10. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall The Rage for Reform Serious campaign finance reform began in the 1970s with the Federal Election Campaign Act (1971) Buckley v. Valeo challenged the constitutionality of campaign finance limits

11. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall The Incumbent Fundraising Advantage Legislative activities geared toward securing reelection 1.Credit claiming 2.Position taking 3.Advertising

12. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Reforming the Reforms: BCRA The Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act was passed and signed into law by President George W. Bush in February 2002 Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., Sen. Russ Feingold, D-Wisc., and Rep. Christopher Shays (R-Conn.)

13. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Levels of Political Participation Individualistic participation Occurs when the citizen engages in activity aimed at changing the outcome of government action without interacting with other like-minded citizens Collective participation Occurs when the citizen takes action in collaboration with other like-minded citizens

14. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall The Shrinking Electorate

15. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Why Has Turnout Declined? Attitudinal change Lifestyle-changes Changes in local party politics Nature of campaigns Burnout from negative campaigns Role of the news media Theories

16. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Voting and Demographic Characteristics Reasons for Not Voting by Selected Characteristics, 2004

17. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Are Young Voters Turning Out?

18. Copyright 2006 Prentice Hall Young Voters in the 2004 Election Why do you think there was such a significant jump in the turnout rate for young Americans in 2004? Turnout by Age Groups in 2000 and 2004 Elections