1. Penguins, Marine Reptiles

2. Penguins Flightless birds Flightless birds Endothermic-stable internal temp. Endothermic-stable internal temp. tight feathers hold in heat tight feathers hold in heat Fluffing feathers releases heat Fluffing feathers releases heat Characteristics Characteristics Live in Antarctica Live in Antarctica Group of Penguins is called a rookery Group of Penguins is called a rookery Very poor eyesight Very poor eyesight Largest -Emperor – 3 ½ ft. Largest -Emperor – 3 ½ ft. Smallest – Little Blue -16 in. Smallest – Little Blue -16 in.

3. Tobogganing vs. Porpoising Tobogganing – when they slide on their belly on the ice. They push with their wings and feet. Tobogganing – when they slide on their belly on the ice. They push with their wings and feet. Porpoising – a swimming technique where they come out of the water to get air Porpoising – a swimming technique where they come out of the water to get air

4. Adaptations Dense bones so they won’t crush under water and so they are able to dive Dense bones so they won’t crush under water and so they are able to dive Layer of fat under skin Layer of fat under skin Dense feathers that trap air Dense feathers that trap air Torpedo shaped body – streamlining Torpedo shaped body – streamlining Wings are stiff like paddles Wings are stiff like paddles Countershading (dark top and light belly) Countershading (dark top and light belly)

5. Reproduction lay eggs at the coldest time of year Most build nests with rocks egg hatches during productive Antarctic summer male holds egg on his feet (Emperor) or Female sits on the nest mother feeds them regurgitated (vomit) food for 5 ½ months.

6. Marine Reptiles Sea Turtles – 9 species Sea Turtles – 9 species The largest is the Leatherback. It can get 2 meters long and 1,200 lbs. They are an open water deep diving species. They eat jellyfish. The largest is the Leatherback. It can get 2 meters long and 1,200 lbs. They are an open water deep diving species. They eat jellyfish. Ectothermic (Exothermic) – “cold blooded”. For this reason most marine reptiles are confined to equatorial regions. Ectothermic (Exothermic) – “cold blooded”. For this reason most marine reptiles are confined to equatorial regions.

7. Characteristics Characteristics Their top shell is called the carapace. Their top shell is called the carapace. The bottom shell is called the plastron. The bottom shell is called the plastron. They cannot retract their head into the carapace. They cannot retract their head into the carapace. Their forelimbs are modified into flippers. Their forelimbs are modified into flippers. Loggerhead Sea Turtle Pig nosed sea turtle

8. Sea Turtle Reproduction They reproduce in the water. They reproduce in the water. Females are often confused by lights/beachside development. Females are often confused by lights/beachside development. A female sea turtle goes into a trance and lays 60-100 soft shelled eggs in a hole on the same beach where she was born. Then she covers the eggs with sand. A female sea turtle goes into a trance and lays 60-100 soft shelled eggs in a hole on the same beach where she was born. Then she covers the eggs with sand. Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Many are picked off by predators. Only 1 or 2 live to adulthood. Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Many are picked off by predators. Only 1 or 2 live to adulthood. > 29.9 degrees Celsius = female > 29.9 degrees Celsius = female < 29.9 degrees Celsius = male < 29.9 degrees Celsius = male

9. Freedom!! Hatchlings attempting to get to the water! Crabs, gulls and other predators catch them!

10. Sea Snakes 55 species 55 species Laterally flattened/tail is paddle shaped. Laterally flattened/tail is paddle shaped. Most get 3-4 feet long. Most get 3-4 feet long. Carnivores Carnivores Viviparous Viviparous Rarely aggressive though fatal bites Rarely aggressive though fatal bites

11. Sea Crocodile Found in Australia/Indian Ocean Found in Australia/Indian Ocean Avg. 6 meters long Avg. 6 meters long Known to attack and eat people Known to attack and eat people Rounder snout than alligators Rounder snout than alligators Drink saltwater – excrete salt in gland near their eyes. (“alligator tears”) Drink saltwater – excrete salt in gland near their eyes. (“alligator tears”)

12. Nile Crocodile Story A 440 pound (200 kg) Nile Crocodile bit veterinarian Chang Po-yu's arm off as he was reaching through iron bars to remove tranquilizer darts. Luckily for Mr. Po- yu, doctors were able to successfully reattach the arm after seven hours of surgery. A 440 pound (200 kg) Nile Crocodile bit veterinarian Chang Po-yu's arm off as he was reaching through iron bars to remove tranquilizer darts. Luckily for Mr. Po- yu, doctors were able to successfully reattach the arm after seven hours of surgery. Chang failed to notice that the crocodile was not fully anaesthetized when he stuck his arm through an iron rail to medicate it. Chang failed to notice that the crocodile was not fully anaesthetized when he stuck his arm through an iron rail to medicate it.